Airport Descriptive Essay

Once inside security at the Las Vegas International Airport, one can watch the excited people getting ready to take that once in a lifetime trip. There is a continuous hum of happy chatter, luggage wheels softly rolling across the floor, and cell phones ringing. It’s late in the afternoon, which is a prime time to get through airport security. The lines are short and the TSA agents are proudly dressed wearing their newly dry cleaned cobalt blue uniforms. A meticulously sewn on patch with our Nation’s flag and a magnificent eagle catches my eye, displaying a proud workforce and a dutiful employee.Each uniform displays a shining gold badge that catches the light and the black cords from the walkie talkies hangs close by. There aren’t many people and the TSA agents are standing tall and are eager and delighted to help the next traveler safely pass through security. A mother and her child are happily placing their items in the taupe rubber-maid bin getting ready to s lide it down the black conveyor belt as an important looking business man casually waits behind them.The little boy was obviously dressed to see someone special and proudly sports an army green jacket and a blue and red striped shirt underneath, his pants are clean but you can tell they have been worn dozens of times and he has spent much time on his knees probably playing with his precious red race car he is now happily placing in the container which is now passing through the airport scanner. After obediently placing his items in the bin the little boy slowly but obviously thrilled walks through the big airport scanner grinning at the TSA agent ahead of him.He suddenly jumps enthusiastically as the scanner beeps and promptly turns around and his mom and the well-dressed business man both laugh and admire his energy. His mother starts examining his pockets for any stowaway metal objects. The escapee was found and the boy tries his chance with the big scanner again. This time he suc cessfully makes it through with his pleased mom right behind him. Elated the boy hurries over to examine his red racecar making sure it survived the expedition in the scanner. After carefully gathering their items the mom and her little boy set out to catch their flight.

Carver’s Cathedral Critical Perpective Essay

I reviewed a collection of literary criticism on Carver’s Cathedral, a collection of short stories written by Carver which was published in 1983. One that stood out to be in particular was James W. Grinnell’s criticism on Carver’s Cathedral works. Grinnell wrote his review in the winter of 1984, and went on to say many things about Carver’s work. Grinnell mostly praises Carver’s work and his addition of newer and more creative ideas in his latest work. Grinnell also believes that Carver has improved his, what some called â€Å"old† style, by adding new elements to his work. James W. Grinnell opens his critique by saying, â€Å"Things are finally looking up for Raymond Carver. † I have to say I agree with Grinnell’s opening statement, the stories in Cathedral were some of which had a more pleasing and refreshed outlook on life. James Grinnell gives an overview of Carver’s life. To paraphrase Grinnell, Carvers life was not always on the positive side that it seemed like it was on since the release of Cathedral. Carver was married at the age of eighteen and he had a lot of responsibilities at that early age. Carver had the responsibilities of supporting his children and wife at this age while working dull, routine jobs. Grinnell goes on to explain how Carver was raise in a poor neighborhood in the city of Yakima, Washington. Then Carver was able to go to college and complete a Bachelor’s Degree from Chico State in California. After college Carver took up writing from the University of Iowa’s Writers’ Workshop, making just enough to barely survive in the year he spent there. After these experiences Carver took up drinking while wasting many years of his thirties. Which Carver fully accepted and did not make any excuses for. Before 1983, Carver wrote two books full of stories called Will you Please Be Quiet, Please? and What We Talk About When We Talk About Love. Compared to the long titles, the content of the stories were pretty short, many being less than or equal to ten pages each. Carver carefully crafted his stories despite his drinking and lack of comfortable writing space. Due to the restricted viewpoints and the characters not being quite clear, Carver gained a reputation for his kind of writing that won for him. According to Grinnell when Carver came out with Cathedral, â€Å"a book with a one-word title and a dozen, more fully fleshed-out stories,† which I agree totally with, the stories were still â€Å"hard little gems of fiction but they are a few carats heavier than those of the earlier books† (Grinnell p. 106). To summarize Grinnell, half of the stories were first person narrations, which Carver had tight control over his characters perspectives. Carver does not give too much to the outside world around his characters and allows the reader to bring their own emotional baggage to and from the stories. While Carver is a literary minimalist and presents the characters of his stories lives as nothing more than what it is. Grinnell uses the opening story Feathers as an example, explaining the story. Grinnell explains that the narrator’s daily routine is exhausted and weary and that his wife is broken when a coworker invites them over for dinner. Carver places details such as the television that has a plaster of Paris cast of crooked teeth, and a La-Z-Boy chair, as well as the host’s wife, and their baby that is described as fat and ugly, as well as a pet peacock. The narrator holds nothing back and shares with the reader that the baby was the ugliest they had ever seen. The night turns out to be a nice, special one that is actually memorable because after that their lives became even duller. The narrator and his wife have a child of their own, who developed â€Å"a conniving streak in him. Grinnell explains that Carver’s characters â€Å"Often experience a special moment which almost affords them a glimpse of something elusive- a better life perhaps† Grinnell then says that they cannot actually achieve it hence they retreat to drinking or their regular boring life which seems even duller by the missed opportunity to achieve this better life. Grinnell calls â€Å"Cathedral† the peak story of the collection, and also refers to it as â€Å"this little masterpiece,† which I also agree with; Cathedral was my favorite story honestly. Grinnell tells that the piece concluded with the narrator trying to describe to a blind man a cathedral that he sees on television, but his words fail. Then the narrator tries to show the experience by holding the blind man’s hand while making a sketch of cathedral. The narrator then closes his eyes after the blind man asks him to. Grinnell expresses that the blind man is more perceptive than the narrator is and when the narrator closes his eyes, he gains a new dimension of perception. Grinnell ends his critique by saying Carver’s life seems to be coming back together and that his art is blooming, while he thinks that Cathedral is a major part of a new beginning for Carver’s writing career. The second literary criticism text I chose to select was one from Randolph Paul Runyon, which was written in 1992. Runyon’s essay examined the connecting elements and recurring themes in the short stories from Cathedral. Runyon first reviews â€Å"Feathers,† and mentions the characteristics of the setting. Runyon mentions the â€Å"old plaster-of-Paris cast of the most crooked, jaggedy teeth in the world† as well as the pet peacock and the baby. To summarize Runyon, the narrator of the story ends up mentioning that the evening was a special one that made him forget his everything in his life. Runyon says that there are two different interpretations of the meaning of the visit; one was that for the narrator’s wife the visit was a reminder of what went wrong in their lives in the beginning. The other one is that for the narrator it was glimpse of paradise, that he would never see again which was symbolized by the pet peacock. Runyon believes there is a possible three interpretation, which can be seen from a different point of the nonparticipants of the story. This is the point of view that the reader sees and the one that escaped Jack and Fran. The story takes place in the evening which they both always remember it began with a little story about the difficulty of remembering. This tied into a previous story that Carver had written. Another thing Runyon mentions about â€Å"Feathers† is that a lot of things are presented in pairs in the story such as the narrator and his wife, the baby and the peacock, the teeth â€Å"before† and â€Å"after. † Then Runyon goes on to say that it was fitting for the first story of the collection to begin with a series of chains of before and after, and we should be accustomed to them now because this is the way his short story sequences seem to be put together. Runyon then talks about â€Å"Cathedral,† which he starts off by summarizing the story, saying that before the narrator’s wife married him she worked as a reader for Robert and that they had exchanged tapes in the years since. When the narrator’s wife was telling him about Robert she told the narrator that she had talked about him in a tape to Robert and Robert had something to say about the narrator in his tape back to her, but what Robert had said about the narrator was never fully told since an interruption came at that time. This type of interruption had been seen in another one of Carver’s works. To summarize Runyon, the narrator was annoyed at first that Robert was coming to visit because he has never had much to do with blind people and he thinks he will be uncomfortable. Robert is a nice man that enjoyed thing just like any other person would, good food, good drinking and good marijuana although he was just trying it for the first time. Runyon then summarizes the rest of the story, and then adds his opinion. Runyon believes that the conclusion is intended to make the reader think to explore many of Carver’s other pieces. Runyon says that the conclusion also reminded him of the conclusion of â€Å"The Bridle† when Holits was high on the cabana roof since the narrator and the blind man drew the cathedral while they’re high. Also a significant role reversal was seen since at first the narrator was in charge of drawing the cathedral on the heavy paper so that Robert could move his fingers over the paper to get an idea of what it looked liked, but by the end the blind man is actually guiding the narrator. The blind man was basically showing the narrator what it was like to be blind, when the blind man tells the narrator to close his eyes. Runyon says the collaboration between the two, the blind man and the narrator, was something like collaborattion Carver held with his editor (p. 176). I agree with a lot of things I read in both of these pieces of criticism. I like the criticism given by Grinnell the most, and I would say it was a really good one. Not all of the stories of the collection were gone over in these though. I agree that drinking is often turned to by the characters of Carver’s writing, like when Robert first got to the narrators home, the narrator offered him a drink right away, I said, â€Å"Let me get you a drink. What’s your pleasure? We have a little of everything. It’s one of our pastimes† (Carver). The narrator then closes his eyes after the blind man asks him to. Grinnell expresses that the blind man is more perceptive than the narrator is and when the narrator closes his eyes, he gains a new dimension of perception. Also when Grinnell expressed that the blind man is more perceptive than the narrator, I agreed as well. Although the narrator has been able to see all of his life he doesn’t comprehend that being blind doesn’t mean that a person is completely handicapped but he isn’t completely normal either. The narrator says â€Å"I’ve never met, or personally known, anyone who was blind. † The narrator also thinks that Robert could be taken bowling which is not very realistic. I do believe at the end the narrators perception is taken to a new depth especially while he mentions that the drawing they worked on was really something, saying that with his eyes closed.

Changes in Legal Defence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Changes in Legal Defence - Essay Example This is the bedrock of the Canadian legal system and the concept of defense is crucial in the determination of culpability. In the worst case scenario they must be given the opportunity to justify their actions through defenses. Recent events have shown unique and new cases that demonstrate the evolving nature of the legal system. These reflected in the way the law is ever changing in order to maintain a valid standpoint. An important aspect to this characteristic is how new legal defenses become legitimate and necessary addition to the legal system. There are several land mark cases in which seemingly absurd ideas such as automatism, battery and duress become legitimate defenses and excuses from criminal guilt and culpability.   Automatism Automatism attracted attention recently with several high profile criminal cases that led to acquittal. The decisions for these cases constitute entirely new elements to Canadian jurisprudence. For example, there was the case of Kenneth Parks wh o killed his mother in-law and attempted to do the same to her husband. This happened in 1987 and was a controversial event that riveted the whole country until a verdict was reached in 1988. Ramsland (2010) provided the grisly and enlightening details: He rose from bed and got into his car. Despite, as he said later, not being awake, he drove about 14 miles to the home of his wife's parents in Scarborough. Accounts say he then removed a tire iron from the car and entered the house, where he proceeded to beat his mother-in-law to death and choke his father-in-law into unconsciousness. He also used a knife from his in-laws' kitchen to stab them. (Ramsland, 2011) The defense for Park was automatism. His lawyer argued that this defense is supported by several important evidences. First, the perpetrator had a history of sleepwalking. Secondly, he had a good relationship with his wife’s parents and, hence, had no motive for murder. Park’s defense team assembled an army of e xperts – psychiatrists, psychologist, neurologist, and a sleep disorder specialist - explaining what automatism is. (Ramsland) The â€Å"disorder was new to the jury and, certainly, to the legal system. There is no explicit reference to this in the Canadian jurisprudence that is why the defense settled on homicidal somnambulism. The collective arguments presented by the experts, who demonstrated how sleepwalking is a neurotic disorder and could result in an individual having less control of his or her actions, finally convinced the court that Parks was innocent. It was declared that his acts were unmediated and unconsciously committed, hence, free from criminal liability. The cases of murder and attempted murder lodged against him were promptly dismissed. As a defense, automatism is considered to be a category separate from insanity plea. A case of a woman charged with murdering her husband had the jury reject the verdict of not guilty by reason of insanity but acquitted her of murder on the basis of automatism because she was proven to be subject to narcolepsy, a rare sleeping disorder. (McCord, McCord & Bailyer, 2011, p. 254) Another case, however, show a different facet to this type of defense. This was the case of William Wade who was charged with murder when he repeatedly stabbed his wife, banging her head on the

Legal Issues in Undocumented Immigrant Workers Essay

Legal Issues in Undocumented Immigrant Workers - Essay Example However, the development of such means as electronic verification systems (E-verify) has become a major blow to the industry especially to the companies that was dependent on these undocumented immigrants. This is due to a reduction in the labor pool, higher wages and the cost of hiring new staff might shoot, and what looked like a humming industry could be brought down to its knees.With the changes that are being advocated for by human rights activists and other international bodies, it has come a time when the hospitality industry with have to face the impact of the new legislations put in place to advocate for the rights of these undocumented immigrants. Not that these legislations have not been there before, but the fact is that the government is setting up more profound measures that will ensure that the immigrants do not suffer the same historical injustices as they have suffered before. This will also be aimed at ensuring that the job market in the states is decongested, allow ing room for the citizens to have access to job opportunities.Previously, legislations were aimed at barring entry of some illegal immigrants especially from Asia, Japan and Korea. The Quota Act aimed at reducing the number of immigrants entering the country and dictated a gradual incorporation of any foreign born immigrants. For example, the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 that allowed H-2 visas to immigrants with labor skills to help in agriculture industry created an opportunity for immigrants to find legal refuge in the country.

Sociology (see question in the sources or references box) Term Paper

Sociology (see question in the sources or references box) - Term Paper Example (Redda, Walker and Barnett, 1989, p.1) Drug abuse is also known as substance abuse or chemical abuse. Drug abuse interferes with the health of an individual and also causes hindrance to the normal functioning of a person in the society. The concept of drug abuse should not be confused with drug misuse. The difference between drug abuse and drug misuse is that the former involves intake of inappropriate substances whereas the latter means taking of prescribed drugs in inappropriate proportion. (Redda, Walker and Barnett, 1989)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A number of cross-sectional studies have shown that the experimentation of drugs begins in the adolescent years and reaches its peak between the age of 18 and 22. It has also been found that the use of drugs is surprisingly more among the minority youth population. A lot of focus has been provided to the drug abuse among the youth because drug abuse among the young people can cause a number of problems like, school dropouts, family dysfunction, truancy, delinquency, poor performance in the school and exhibition of unconventional behaviors in the form like drinking, taking of risks and early sexual activity. (Kopstein, 1998)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the article, â€Å"Canada now a major drug player: Report†, the issue which has been discussed was that Canada has become a major player in the world market of drugs. A bulk amount of drug seizure has taken place in Canada in the year 2007. And the article also reported that the motor cycle gangs were mostly engaged with the drug marketing in Canada which gives us evidence of the fact the participation of the youth in drug abuse are increasing in Canada and it is becoming a social problem in the country. (Lake, 2009)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Ontario should continue to fight menace of Marijuana† is an article which debates that it would be profitable for Canada to legalize

Physics of Sound Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Physics of Sound - Essay Example The nature of sound could, therefore, be defined through standard wave characteristics. Loudness would be a direct component of the amplitude with sound intensity being the rightful physical description to use in this context. This intensity would directly depend on the quantity of wave energy which meets the area which is perpendicular to the direction of the wave at a specified time period. The intensity of sound would thus be expressed in Jm2s. Since dividing a joule by second yields the unit of power, Watt, Myers (134) defines sound intensity as the quantity of power that is transmitted through an area, expressed in watts per square meter (Wm-2). According to the inverse square rule – the intensity of sound is inversely proportional to the square distance from the source (Parker 8), – as the sound spreads, the intensity decreases explaining the relation of intensity and distance from the source. Pitch is another characteristic but one that relates to frequency. Musi cal instruments’ strings that vibrate rapidly result in high pitched sounds. Temperature, density, and humidity affect yet another factor, the speed of sound (Myers 136). The equation (331 + 0.6T) m/s gives the speed of sound with T being the temperature in 0C, approximated at 343, 1,480 and 6,000 m/s in the air, water, and steel respectively at room temperature. The speed of sound has been found to be higher in liquids and solids than in air.Myers (135) notes that the threshold of human hearing is about 10-12Wm-2 above which most humans would experience pain. Human ear detects s

Rhabdomyolysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Rhabdomyolysis - Research Paper Example sed to or he/she may be experiencing low fitness levels and the moment he/she is introduced to intense physical exercises the condition sets in (Carter et al., 2005). The human body is made up of three different types of muscles namely; heart muscles which are very delicate and critical for the survival of human beings, skeletal muscles and finally the smooth muscles. The skeletal muscles are the ones that are responsible for a general movement of the body since they are tasked of anchoring the skeleton at the joints thus facilitating movement. Mainly these are the type of muscles that are prone to infection of Rhabdomyolysis. Rhabdomyolysis is a common condition among the people and is observed to be a major cause of renal acute failure (Hunter et al., 2006). Rhabdomyolysis is more of a lifestyle disease that a chronic medical condition thus it is caused by a number of causes many which are related to the manner in which people live their lives. Some of the most notable causes of Rhabdomyolysis are elaborated as follows. Muscle trauma or crush injuries are the premier cause of this condition, and it is responsible for over forty percent of the reported cases of Rhabdomyolysis. When people are involved in accidents that cause severe injuries in the muscles they will often result in the muscles rupturing and the end result will be the muscle contents being discharged into the bloodstream thus causing Rhabdomyolysis (Eberhard, 2000). Severe burns are yet another cause of this condition which takes place the same way muscles trauma unfolds. When one is subjected to intense burning like that of people being lynched or when a building is on fire the body is going to be mutilated due to the intense heat that will be coming from the fire and as a result most of the body tissues will be destroyed hence causing other complications. For the case of the muscles they are going to be burnt until they rupture thus releasing their contents into the blood hence the

Lean concept in manufacturing field Literature review

Lean concept in manufacturing field - Literature review Example With the failure of MRP to offer enhanced system performance, the shift has focused to Just-in-time production systems which are driven by customer demand Hence, the jobs are â€Å"pulled through the system† with linkage between stages in the production process (Deleersnyder, et al., 1989). The Japanese system of Kanban is required in order to physically implement the pull production system. Kanban is often used in conjunction with Just-in-Time production whereby the right quantity must be manufactured at the appropriate level and at the right time. Literally translated as â€Å"a card†, the Kanban signal, which is generated through the master production schedule (MPS) or customer demand, triggers JIT as it works its way backwards through each work centre. Generally, a Kanban is tied to each container of work-in-progress (WIP) which contains specifications pertaining to that WIP such as the lot size, card number, due date etc. Research has demonstrated various benefits associated with the use of Kanban. JIT allows most companies to achieve the benefits of shorter lead times, enhanced quality and low inventory buffer (Cimorelli, 2013). However, choosing the Kanban size often requires tradeoffs. For instance, a large size of Kanban will often result in higher level of stock albeit with a shorter lead time and less time for setting up machines frequently. Furthermore, Kanban acts as a means of communication from usage points to the prior operation as well as serve the purpose of visual signage (Wang, 2011). As far as the types of Kanban are concerned, there are generally two types of Kanban systems: single card and dual card systems. This entails separating the storage of output of a particular stage from the storage of input in the succeeding stage along with the use of extra cards named as â€Å"withdrawal† Kanban (Krieg, 2005). This Kanban is defined as one which accompanies the containers that are responsible for storage at the input stage . This is followed by removal of the withdrawal Kanban and its subsequent storage in a â€Å"collection box† when the production system uses a container (Krieg, 2005). Subsequently, the withdrawal Kanban is further removed from the collection box by a carrier and moved into the storage for output from the previous stage. On the other hand, the single-card Kanban is more efficient for manufacturing processes that contain high â€Å"changeover time† owing to batch production (Basu & Wright, 2005). The major difference between a single-card and dual-card Kanban is that the former lacks a â€Å"production† Kanban and specific inventory points (Basu & Wright, 2005). To conclude, the use of Kanban in the Just-in-time production system is fairly old. However, their importance has steadily increased owing to the paradigm shift towards demand-pull manufacturing systems as opposed to push-manufacturing systems. Nevertheless it must be noted that although the Kanban system lead to efficient levels of inventory, shorter lead times and better flow of communication across the production system, it may not always fulfill all order qualifiers at the same time as tradeoffs may be involved. 2. Push/pull systems Lean manufacturing systems are usually split into pull and push production systems. Push systems are based on scheduling work such that it is released on the basis of customer demand (Kimura & Terada, 1981). This is because their aim is to maximize the usage of production capacity. These systems are driven by the system of due-dates. The release date is controlled and the level of Work in Progress is then observed. By using this system, companies are able increase the volume of their production which in turn reduces the cost of production per unit. The push strategy has been used by companies such as Dunkin Donuts for producing their donuts. Customer demand for each of the donuts (such as Glazed, chocolate, cream etc.) is arrived

Managing new ventures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Managing new ventures - Essay Example This research will be carried out by the organization themselves or even by some external agencies. As customer is the â€Å"King† of any business and as the organization manufactures its products or offers its services only to sell it to the customers, they have to be studied as part of market research. That is, customer’s preferences regarding the products’ price, quality, packing, appearance, etc has to be studied and those information can be used while designing the product and also while formulating the marketing campaign. Berman (2007) state customer preferences, buying habits, their demographics, language and other trends of particular markets must be evaluated. Intensive market research can enable an organization to identify the strengths and weakness of its competitors. By understanding those aspects, organization can have good information about the things that were working out well for the competitors, as well as the things that has caused failures. With that information, the organization can design its products and its marketing campaign accordingly, thereby increasing its competitiveness. Moreover, the organization by avoiding the failed strategies can prevent any harm to them at an early stage. The process that can be used to do the market research is market positioning (McMahan 2006). According to McMahan (2006) market positioning process involves 5 steps: an identification of the target market, a understanding of the competitive environment, strategy formulation for improving competitive position, establishing strong brand image, and development of a supply chain program. This process can provide effective results because it focuses on all aspects of external environment and also the management of any organization. Unlike internal forces, external forces are not directly controlled by the management of an organization, so they need to be studied in-depth through this process to get effective

Take-Home Exam Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Take-Home Exam - Term Paper Example Scenes in movies or films are the activities that take place at a single location through a given amount time (Tomaric, 2012). Scenes are small films within a film, which make up the whole, when they are merged, through editing, to come up with one complete film. Scenes have some distinct qualities that characterize them to the extent that they are given unique names. This is because these characteristics can be reproduced, on other films, to bring about the same effect that they were designed to elicit. Establishing a shot in filmmaking is the process of making a long footage whose objective is to provide an overview of the scene that follows this shot. A wide shot in a film is also referred to as a long shot, and it shows the entire feature of interest in the frame. The shot includes an entire object that is captured including the surrounding environment that relates to the feature. A medium shot in filming is a shot that is taken when the camera is positioned at a medium distance away from the feature of interest (Tomaric, 2012). The distance that defines a medium shot is not clearly established because it creates confusion between a close up shot and a medium shot. A medium close up shot can be defined as a picture frame that includes, for example, the photo of a person from the below the waist and above the knees. A close up shot is a photo that includes the image of a person from the chest up or even the face only. An extreme close up shot is tightly taken A photo that only shows a specific detail about a feature. This can be a close up of the ears or the eyes. An over the shoulder shot is a shot of a feature taken from the perspective or camera angle of an over the shoulder view of another person or object. A 2-shot is a shot taken to include two features in one single shot. A point of view shot is more of a short scene describing the subject feature’s view at an object which taken by placing the camera angle between the subjects view and his/her reaction to the object (Tomaric, 2012). Question #2 A film budget is the money used to cater for expenses that are incurred in the filming making process. A film budget includes an above the line budgetary allocation that covers the key players, in the production of a movie for example, producers, directors, actors and writers. All other fund allocations are referred to as below the line. The film I would like to make addresses the prevailing social problems in society. The film would be produced in a way that it would be appealing and intriguing to the intended audience. I would seek to address the issue of drug abuse in society especially by the young generation. In doing this, I would seek the services of a script writer whose is familiar and conversant with the theme of this film. Ideas for this film can be got from persons who have had prior experience with drug abuse involving the youth. Film making has three basic steps that are involved in the process. These are the pre-prod uction stage, the production stage and the post production stage (Cleve, 2012). The pre-production stage involves the careful planning and designing of the film. A production company is created along with a production office. Pre-visualization of the film is done, and a storyboard of the film is established with guidance of concept artists and illustrators. A production budget is also drawn up during the pre-production which helps determine and plan for film expenditures. Films with

Pilgrims Progress Short Form Essay Example for Free

Pilgrims Progress Short Form Essay MAIN CHARACTERS (a clear, concise description of each): Christian is the main character, he has a simple personality. He represents just one aspect of the human experience: the search for religious truth. He is his faith (hence the name) his motivation, the search for salvation in the celestial city, is the one aspect that clearly defines him. Apollyon is the antagonist, he has a physical irregularity that displays his evil. Apollyon is a hybrid being, part dragon, bear, human, and fish, the air associated with his wings, the fire linked with dragons and the earth that bears live on. These combination convey his immense power, suggesting that he draws power from all parts of the universe, his nature is complex, the exact opposite of Christians extreme simplicity. MINOR CHARACTERS (a clear, concise description of each): Evangelist- the messenger carrying the gospel, or the word of Christ, to Christian he spurs Christian on his journey to the celestial city. Obstinate- a neighbor of Christian in the city of destruction who refuses to accompany him. Pliable- A neighbor if Christians who accompanies him for a while. After falling though the slough of Despond , Pliable is discouraging and returns home, only to be mocked by the townsfolk. Help- Fellow pilgrim who helps pull Christian from the Slough of Despond. Worldly Wiseman- A reasonable and practical man whom Christian encounters early in his journey Worldly Wiseman tries unsuccessfully to urge Christian to give up his religious foolishness and live a content secular life. Formalist- A traveler whom Christian meets along the wall of Salvation. With his hypocrisy, Formalist sneaks over the wall, instead of following the straight and narrow as Christian did. Hypocrisy- Formalist’s travel companion Discretion- One of the four mistresses of the Palace Beautiful. Discretion takes Christian and feeds him. Piety- one of the four mistresses of the palace Beautiful. Piety asks Christian about his journey so far. Prudence- One of the four mistresses of the Palace Beautiful. Prudence tries to understand Christian’s purpose in traveling to Mount Zion Charity- One of the four mistresses of the palace Beautiful. Charity asks Christian why he did not bring his family, which causes him to weep. The Interpreter- Spiritual guide who shelters Christian. The Interpreter instructs Christian in the art of reading religious meanings hidden in everyday objects and events, which he houses in his Significant Rooms. Shining Ones- Three celestial creatures who clothe Christian with the new garments and give him the certificate. The Shining Ones act as guardians throughout Christians journey. Faithful-Fellow pilgrim from Christian’s hometown who reports on the city they both left behind. Faithful loyally accompanies Christian until he is executed in the town of Vanity for the crime of disrespecting local Satan- worshiping religion. Talkative- Fellow pilgrim who travel alongside Christian and faithful for a while. Talkative is spurned by Christian and faithful for a while. Talkative is spurned by Christian for valuing spiritual words over religious deeds. Mr. By-ends- A user of religion for personal ends and social profit. Mr. By-ends accompanies Christian briefly after Christian escapes from vanity. Hopeful-Pilgrim who replaces Faithful as Christian’s travel companion and confidant after leaving Vanity, all the way to Celestial city. Hopeful saves Christian’s life in the river before the gates to mount Zion Giant Despair- Master of the doubting castle. Giant Despair imprisons Hopeful and Christian for trespassing on his domain and is later killed by Great-Heart and Christian’s sons. Diffidence- Giant Despair’s wife. She encourages the harsh punishment of Hopeful and Christians in the Doubting Castle. Demas- Gentlemanly figure who tries to entice Christian and Hopeful with silver and dreams of wealth. Temporary- A would-be pilgrim whom Christian speaks of in a cautionary way, warning of Temporary’s backsliding before his spiritual progress was complete. MAIN SETTING(S) (a clear, concise description of each): There is no main setting; the novel occurs in a variety of places. ONE PARAGRAPH PLOT OUTLINE: Faith, Hope, Mercy, Envy, Ignorance, Guilt: These are not abstract concepts, but the names of vividly imagined, sharply draw human characters encountered by Christian, the hero of The Pilgrim’s Progress. In Christians search for salvation, each step along the way becomes a dramatic rendering of an inner state of the human psyche. As Christian journeys from â€Å"The wilderness of this world† to the glory of the Celestial City, he confronts a seemingly endless array of temptations, threats, and dangers, including the nearly irresistible allure of material splendor at Vanity Fair; the crushing psychological burden of depression and despair in the Slough of Despond ; and the fear and uncertainty that eats away at faith in the Doubting Castle. TWO OR THREE SYMBOLS (explain references and importance): City of Destruction- the city represents the entire world as it is, with all of its sins, corruptions, and sorrows, no one living there can have any hope of salvation. Interpreter- a character symbolizing the Holy Spirit. ONE OR TWO SENTENCES ON DOMINANT THEMES (State the theme correctly, e.g, â€Å"Love is blind.† NOT â€Å"the theme is about love.† What about it? BS. See Lit Book, p1187): The path to spiritual salvation is one full of many obstacles. STYLE ANALYSIS- CITE EXAMPLES AND ANALYZE THE EFFECT: The Style Analysis portion of your short form must be ONE Page. Use bullet points-NOT narrative format- like ur Novel Notes Single Spaced- but otherwise MLA format one inch margins N E Tabs s/b 1.5† Use Bullet Points – NOT narrative format ELABORATE on the Effect! Use your TOOLBOX and HandOuts DICTION: SYNTAX: FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE: FOUR SHORT (memorable QUOTATIONS TYPICAL OF THE WORK – include speaker and occasion. 1. â€Å"quote† – â€Å"Here is a burdened sinner. I come from the City of Destruction, but am going to Mount Zion, that I may be delivered from Wrath to come; I would therefore, sir, since I am informed that by this gate is the Way thither, know if you are willing to let me in?† Speaker – Christian Occasion – Christian introduces himself to the gatekeeper Goodwill, so that he can get through the gate and continue on his journey to salvation. 2. â€Å"quote† – â€Å"By this I perceive thou art one of my subjects; for all that country is mine, and I am the prince and God of it. How is it then that thou hast run away from thy king?† Speaker- Apollyon Occasion – Apollyon tries to kidnap Christian and thwart his journey. 3. â€Å"quote.† –   You will use this Short Form to write your analysis essay.

Risks and Consequences of Non-Compliance

Risks and Consequences of Non-Compliance Our group have been presented with the data set: Road Collision Casualties in Camden. This data is published by the London Borough of Camden which is licensed under the Open Government Licence. All data on road collisions are provided by TfL (Transport for London), who present the data in three parts on an annual basis. The data set contains information on the casualties where some information has also been added from attendants. The attendants and vehicles are recorded as separate data sets and are available on an open platform, as a result they can be joined together by the use of a reference column. If joined together the data will show accidents where multiple casualties, attendants and vehicles were present. In the reference there will be several records for the same incident. It is suggested that data analysis should be undertaken which uses three years of data in order to avoid any anomalies. The statistics in the data set displays personal injuries which have taken place on public roads which were reported to the police. The police note down the information using a STATS19 form and this is how the data is recorded. While it is not possible to predict every potential legal issue that the application may face, both during development stage and in use, utilising the Road Collision Casualties in Camden data set, the most common pitfalls can easily be avoided. Implementing a proactive legal compliance strategy, during the early part of the development process, will help to minimise the legal risk and strengthen the protection of application itself. Introduction Risks and consequences of non-compliance Failure to design the software in accordance with the various legislative and industry constraints, may result in a product that will attract, in the worst case scenario, legal action and/or make the product difficult to sell. Also, it may be incompatible with other software or data formats. Research into the various standards, industry codes and relevant legal obligations will allow the design to progress with clarity regarding these requirements. Standards, codes legislation The particular items that are relevant to this project are as follows: -The British Computer Society Code of Practice -The Open Government Licence for Public Sector Information Data Protection Act 1998 It is considered that this Act is not applicable for the data accessed by the software, as it contains no personal information. However, it is likely to be applicable to data being held regarding the users of the application in terms of their logging into the system and the history of their use of the data, so we have to be in compliance with Data Protection Act 1998(DPA). Because we will be storing and handling personal information, small errors and inaccuracies can lead to severe data protection breaches and give rise to serious consequences. Compliance with data protection legislation is not just a matter of good practice, it is a legal requirement and, as the penalties for nonfulfillment are extremely serious, especially nowadays in an environment of increasing focus upon data protection, it goes without saying that for this application that we are creating, we need to take great care to protect personal information. The Data Protection Act 1998 is enforced by the Information Commissioners Office (ICO), which has considerable powers when it finds an organisation to be in breach of the data protection principles in the way data is handled. The Information Commissioner has historically shown he is ready and willing to take action, and in extreme circumstances, to bring criminal proceedings with respect to mishandling of personal information. The consequences and penalties which may follow breach of data protection obligations are varied, and in most cases very serious. The ICOs action can include:   Ã‚   Monetary penalty notices; (For serious breaches of the DPA the fines could reach up to  £500,000). Criminal Prosecutions; (Deliberately breaching the DPA can lead to possible prison sentences). Undertakings; (Organisations have to commit to a particular course of action to improve their compliance and avoid further action from the ICO). Enforcement notices; ( Organisations in breach of one or more of the DPA principles are required to take specific steps in order to comply with the law). Audit; (The ICO has the authority to audit government departments without consent to check organisations are complying). Disability Discrimination Act 1995 This would apply in terms of the presentation of the user interface with reference to, for example, colour contrast and legibility. Add compliance with the DDA to the project requirements. Analyse the range of user types and identify any persons likely to fall under the DDA that would use the system. Look at the human interfaces that the system will employ and ensure that all projected users can utilise the application. Demonstrate that the application has been designed to meet these needs in terms of, for example, character/font/ size/colour/contrast or in terms of any audible or spoken interfaces. Display Screen Regulations 1992 The user interface should not compromise an employers ability to comply with this legislation. For example, repetitive strain injuries or eye strain. There is also a Human Factors consideration here in terms of optimising user performance by maintaining concentration, thereby reducing errors. This is unlikely to have a direct impact on the designer/supplier of the software but may have a reputational impact if the product is problematic in the workplace. Intellectual property Before we started our project it was essential for us as a group to have a firm grasp of intellectual property rights and how they apply to the software industry, as protecting our software application would make it easier to take legal action against anyone who steals or copies it. Computer software law is distinguished from most other intellectual creations protected by intellectual property law in that different aspects of the software is eligible for protection by patent, copyright and trade secret laws. Each type of protection has advantages and disadvantages under the current laws. Historically its been quite hard to get software application approved for patent from UK Intellectual Property Office. This means that UK software developers have been left to rely on copyright to protect their work. This was something we had to take into consideration because copyright only offers protection against being copied. However, the Patents are an absolute right against unauthorised use of the patent holders invention, and can protect the underlying/original ideas and processes of our application. So with a patent, it does not matter whether a competitor has copied the program or developed an identical program or indeed a different program which uses the same ideas or process steps on their own, it still breaches the patent and us as patent holders can claim damages and/or an injunction to enforce their rights. In the case of our application, copyright law would protect the source and object code, as well as certain unique original elements of the user interface. While the patent can protect the novel ideas embodied in our application which copyright cannot. However, as I already mentioned, historically its been shown it is quite tough to get software application approved for patent and there is no guarantee that the UK Intellectual Property Office will grant a patent for our software invention. Moreover, the costs for obtaining a software patent are significantly higher, so we as a company have to weigh our options and go with the best possible. Furthermore, the terms of use for the application itself are provided by us who designed the application, but also it should be noted that the data being accessed by the application is also subject to conditions of use by the data owner. This data is published by the London Borough of Camden which is licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. These conditions should also be provided to the end user and embodied in suppliers terms of use. The Licensor grants us a worldwide, royalty-free, perpetual, non-exclusive licence to use the Information subject to the conditions like: acknowledge the source of the Information in your product or application by including or linking to any attribution statement specified by the Information Provider(s) and, where possible, provide a link to this licence This means we are obligated by the Open Government Licence to provide a link for our end user or let the end user know that applications contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence. This is one of the most important conditions of this licence and if our company fails to comply with them the rights granted to us under this licence, or any similar licence granted by the Licensor, will end automatically. It is also important to note that this is version 3.0 of the Open Government Licence. The Controller of this licence may change the licence itself from time to time and issue new versions of it. And if that happens the terms of that licence will continue to apply from the previous version (current version which is 3.0). Software licensing A software license is a document that provides legally required guidelines for the usage and sharing of software. A software licensing agreement will protect our copyright and IP rights by placing restrictions on the end user in relation to how the software can be used. The software licence will allow the end users to have one or more copies of our software, without violating copyrights. When we publish our end product it is critical that we licence our software very carefully to retain the IP rights and to ensure we are able to generate revenue from our work. A software licence usually comes in one of three major forms: Proprietary licence Free licence Open software licence User requirements Consultation with the user of the software and the client, for whom the work is being undertaken, will enable a full and clear understanding of their expectations to be captured in the form of a User Requirements Specification. In particular, the types of users, how the data will be accessed and used should be sought from client and fully understood. This, combined with any legislative, industry or standards requirements, will form the overall Project Requirements Specification. Specification/requirements Taking all of the above a definitive set of Project and Technical requirements can be developed. These will enable the project to proceed from a clear and common understanding. All Stakeholders should sign the requirements and any subsequent changes should be avoided, but if necessary, undertaken in a controlled process. This is important in controlling cost, programme and avoiding differing expectations. Verification It is important to continually check back against the requirements as the design develops. This can be done in the form of a requirements matrix and recording evidence (links to docs/specs) that each requirement is being met.

The shear strength of soils

The shear strength of soils Introduction The shear strength of soils is essential for any kind of stability analysis. Therefore, it is important to determine reliable values. For this purpose triaxial tests are most appropriate. Nevertheless, direct shear tests are mostly performed to determine the shear strength of soils. From the tests result a clearer picture of the soil strata, there will be Direct Shear Test where the data can be interpreted and correlated info soil parameters. The soil parameters will be designed accordingly to the characteristic of the soil at the site itself. This case study is about evaluating contamination for the specific site. It involves the interpretation and manipulation of data from the Shear test and chemical tests. The whole process will be determination of contamination and measure its effect on the soil and then propose some remediation practices and methods. Part (1) Soils Contaminants Soils are categorized according to the contaminants present (type and amount); Soils that contain contaminants below regulatory concern Soils that contain hazardous waste Non-hazardous 1. Hazardous Soil that contains hazardous waste must be managed as such when contamination is above the nonhazardous waste limits or is otherwise classified a hazardous waste. The only options for soils that contain a hazardous waste are on-site remediation or off-site management as a hazardous waste. 2. Non-Hazardous Contaminated soil is non-hazardous when both of the following criteria are met: a. The contaminant levels are above the most stringent soil cleanup criteria established by NJDEP. b. The waste is not classified as a hazardous waste. 3. Soils That Contain Contaminants Below Regulatory Concern Soils that contain contaminants at levels that are below the most stringent site cleanup levels established by NJDEP for a specific site are not of regulatory concern with the exception of sites in the Pinelands Area Brownfield sites come in all sizes and shapes The Brownfield Law created four different cleanup â€Å"tracks.† Cleanup levels at these tracks are based, in whole or in part, upon the sites future anticipated use. A site to be used for industrial purposes, for instance, would not have to be cleaned up as much as a site intended for commercial use. (See Appendix A for a description of each of the tracks). Clesn Up Site cleanups can be conducted by federal, state, or local government agencies and/or their contractors, by private parties responsible for the discharge of the hazardous substances, or by purchasers of land who did not cause the contamination but are willing to pay for and conduct the cleanup. Private parties can be directed by DEP to conduct cleanups or individuals can come to the department voluntarily and offer to do part of or all of a cleanup. Cleanups can be conducted to allow for any future use of the land: from residences, schools, and day care centers to commercial buildings, or new industrial uses. Cleanups can also be conducted to turn formerly contaminated sites into parkland for passive and/or active recreation. The level of cleanup required to protect human health and the environment is determined by the end use envisioned for the property. Obviously, cleanup to more stringent standards is required when people will be living on the property, or when sensitive populations such as children will be using the property for schools or recreation. Protectiveness can be obtained by either totally removing the contaminants of concern, or by treating them, or by limiting access to the substances by creating barriers to contact, such as with soil or other types of capping material. Certain cleanups can be conducted â€Å"at risk† by private individuals, with little oversight by the state. However, cleanups involving ground and surface waters must be conducted with DEPs oversight because the state is the trustee for those natural resources. Most parties conducting remediation will come to DEP for oversight if they desire a â€Å"No Further Action† (NFA) letter at the end of the process. That letter certifies that the states regulations have been met as of a specific date, as described specifically in the letter. With the NFA comes a â€Å"Covenant Not to Sue,† which defines those parties who are no longer liable to conduct additional cleanup at the site. Part (2) Direct Shear Test A. Shear Strength In the Mohr-Coulomb theory of failure, shear strength has two components: one for inherent strength due to bonds or attractive forces between particles, the other produced by frictional resistance to shearing movement The shear strength of cohesionless soils is limited to the frictional component. When the direct shear test is used to investigate a cohesionless soil, successive tests with increasing normal stress will establish a straight line that passes through the origin. The angle of inclination of the line with respect to the horizontal axis is the angle of internal friction. Values of the angle of internal friction are given in the following table. If the soil is dense when tested, initially higher values for the angle of internal friction will be measured, but with increasing amounts of strain, the angle will decline to the approximate ranges seen in the Table. SOIL TYPE ANGLE φ, DEGREES Sand and gravel mixture 33 36 Well-graded sand 32 35 Fine to medium sand 29 32 Silty sand 27 32 Silt (non-plastic) 26 30 The shear strength of a cohesive soil is more complicated than a cohesionless material. The differences are due to the role of pore water in a cohesive soil. Most cohesive soils in field conditions are at or near saturation because of their tendency to hold moisture and their low permeability. When load is applied to a soil of this type, the load is supported by an increase in the pore-water pressure until pore-water can drain into regions of lower pressure. At that point, soil particles are forced closer together and the strength increases, just like a cohesionless soil. Time is an important factor however, because it takes longer for water to move out of a low permeability material. Direct Shear Test: Results of the direct shear tests should be evaluated statistically. The statistical assessment in the shear box test includes the values of friction angle (Ï•) and cohesion (c), derived from the Mohr-Coulomb regression line, and the (original) measured values of peak shear strength. In previous publications only the derived parameters Ï• and c were taken into account. As the most important result the investigations have shown that it makes a remarkable difference whether the pair of variables Ï• and c or peak shear strength is considered. http://www.csus.edu/indiv/c/cornwell/engineering/9-20-06.pdf Direct Shear Box Test Procedure: 1. Bring the shear box together http://www.civil.mrt.ac.lk/docs/direct_shear_test 2. Compact the soil sample (which has reached the optimum moisture content) in the mould. 3. Place the sample into the shear box 4. Record the weight of the applied load and place the loading plate on top of the upper porous plate http://www.civil.mrt.ac.lk/docs/direct_shear_test 5. Remove the alignment screws to hold the shear box together. 6. Tighten the diagonally opposite screws to reduce the frictional force. 7. Reset the dial gauges. 7. Apply the normal load. 8. Start the motor to produce the desired constant rate of shearing 9. Take readings from the gauges, a) Proving ring. b) Horizontal displacement. c) Vertical displacement. 10. When the shear load starts to reduce or remains constant stop the test http://www.civil.mrt.ac.lk/docs/direct_shear_test A. Data Proving ring Horizontal (0.001 in) Vertical Time 0 9.00 0.00 00:00 5 9.11 0.00 00:30 15 9.12 0.00 01:00 15.5 9.26 0.00 01:30 18.5 9.38 0.00 02:00 20 9.63 0.00 03:00 22 9.87 0.00 04:00 23 10.12 0.00 05:00 24 10.36 0.00 06:00 23 10.62 0.00 07:00 24 10.87 0.00 08:00 26 11.12 0.00 09:00 25 11.37 0.00 10:00 26 11.62 0.00 11:00 27 11.87 0.00 12:00 27 12.12 0.00 13:00 27.5 12.37 0.00 14:00 28 12.62 0.00 15:00 28 12.87 0.00 16:00 29 13.11 0.00 17:00 28 13.37 0.00 18:00 31 13.62 0.00 19:00 29.5 13.87 0.00 20:00 Results Shear stress Kpa Horizontal (0.001 in) Time 0.000 9.00 00:00 0.951 9.11 00:30 2.862 9.12 01:00 2.950 9.26 01:30 3.528 9.38 02:00 3.812 9.63 03:00 4.194 9.87 04:00 4.381 10.12 05:00 4.577 10.36 06:00 4.381 10.62 07:00 4.577 10.87 08:00 4.959 11.12 09:00 4.763 11.37 10:00 4.959 11.62 11:00 5.145 11.87 12:00 5.145 12.12 13:00 5.243 12.37 14:00 5.331 12.62 15:00 5.331 12.87 16:00 5.527 13.11 17:00 5.331 13.37 18:00 5.527 13.62 19:00 5.625 13.87 20:00 FAILUER = 5.527 kpa. Part (3) Contamination Assessment PH Measurements: PH measurements were measured against TSS results, While no apparent correlation was found between pH and salinity; samples presenting higher pH generally had higher TSS concentrations, as indicated in the figure below. The addition of cement (and its effect on turbidity) appears to have had a noticeable effect on pH. In addition to the various testing that was performed as part of this study, two additional studies beyond the original scope were conducted: (a) an evaluation of the effect that organic content found within silt sediments would have on soil-cement hydration and strength gain, and (b) an assessment of whether the cement stabilization/solidification of contaminated sediments immobilizes organic and inorganic contaminants within the sediment. Part (4) Remediation. Chemical Fixation And Solidification Taking into consideration to select the best fit remediation method and conserve ecosystem and trying not to undergo major landscape disruption. One alternative to dredging and disposing of contaminated sediment is to solidify the sediment in-situ using CDSM, and cover the stabilized sediment with a cap. In this scenario, the mixing is a viable way to reduce the potential for highly contaminated sediments to be eroded over time by natural hydrologic events, vessel traffic or dredging. In situations where decisions regarding removal of sediment have not yet been made or if management alternatives (decontamination) are not yet fully developed, the CDSM technology can be used to stabilize sediment for later removal. Chemical fixation and Solidification, CFS, also commonly referred to as Solidification/Stabilization Treatment, S/S, is a widely used treatment for the management of a broad range of wastes, especially those classified as hazardous. The initial application of the technology in the United States dates back to the 1950s when it was fruitfully used to treat and dispose of radioactive waste. The USEPA considers S/S an established treatment technology, and has identified it as the best demonstrated available technology, BDAT, for 57 RCRA-listed wastes. It is anticipated that 30% of the CERCLA (Superfund) remediation sites include the use of S/S. There is an ample body of technical literature that documents the fundamentals for applying S/S, as well as the practical experience using the technology in a wide variety of wastes, contaminants and chemical matrices. The applicability of using S/S to immobilize the principal contaminants in the Passaic River sediments was evaluated. The following sections briefly summarize those findings. There are several additives mentioned in the literature as potential enhancers of the PCB immobilization. These depend on the particular conditions of the application: 1. Organically modified clays 2. Activated carbon 3. Ferric hydroxide 4. Rubber particulate A well-documented case where S/S was used for the immobilization of PCBs in contaminated soils is provided in the Yellow Water Road Dump in Duval County, Florida. Where In that case, a superfund site that started remedial action in 1984 was removed from the NPL in 1999. During the remedial activities, 4472 cubic yards of PCB contaminated soils were excavated and treated with S/S and placed back within the former operations area of the site. A groundwater monitoring program was established, and monitoring wells were installed to evaluate the future need for contingent pump-and-treat remedy. The site was monitored as part of the EPA five-year review program. In September 2000, the five-year-review report established that the selected remedy remained protective of human health and the environment. Site inspections and groundwater monitoring continue to ensure long-term protectiveness. Out-Of-State Recycling For recycling soils out-of-state, a written determination from NJDEP is required as to the non-applicability of the solid waste management regulations set forth in N.J.A.C. 7:26-1 et seq. For sites without a Site Remediation Program lead (i.e., Industrial Site Recovery Act, Bureau of Underground Storage Tanks, Bureau of Field Operations) and for the recycling of soil as a solid process waste, contact the Bureau of Resource Recovery and Technical Programs (609/984-6985). Sites with a Site Remediation Program lead must send this information in lieu of a Soil Reuse Proposal to the assigned case manager for an approval. The following are the standard requirements pursuant to (N.J.A.C. 7:26-1) for approval to send soils out-of-state: a. A letter, sent to the Bureau of Resource Recovery and Technical Programs from the generator of soil, certifying that the soil in question has been analyzed or is known in accordance with N.J.A.C. 7:26G-5.1 not to contain a hazardous waste. This also must include any necessary test results documenting that the soil contains constituents and hazardous waste characteristics below their regulatory levels. b. A letter sent to the Solid and Hazardous Waste Division from the receiving a facility stating that they agree to accept the specified amount of soil, indicating intention and method to beneficially use or reuse the soil and the time frame for such activity from the date of receipt at the facility. In addition, a copy of this information must be sent directly to the solid waste coordinator of the county of the soils origin. c. A letter sent to the Solid and Hazardous Waste Division from the proper regulatory agency of the receiving state or a copy of a current facility permit verifying that facility is operating in accordance with applicable rules and regulations and can accept the soils for the declared use/reuse. d. Once the soil is delivered to the identified use/reuse facility, a letter from the facility or a bill of lading stating the date and amount of soil received must be sent to Solid and Hazardous Waste Division and the solid waste coordinator of the county of the soils origin. Operational Landfill Cover Operating landfills that are permitted to accept ID 27 waste may use non-hazardous soil for daily landfill cover with approval from the Bureau of Landfill and Recycling Management. Fine grained soils which may create erosion problems or are easily windblown are prohibited for use as daily cover. Brownfield sites are found in both urban and rural settings and the present challenges that make the cleanup and redevelopment of these sites unique as compared with other real estate projects. Brownfield sites deal with four key issues, including: Environmental Liability Developers, land owners, and prospective associated with the propertys history can be successfully addressed. Financial Barriers Private financial institutions or investors may be reluctant to provide loans for sites impacted by real or perceived environmental contamination. Cleanup Activities Redeveloping a brownfield site may take longer than that of a typical real estate development if remediation is warranted. Feasible Reuse A viable plan for putting the site back into productive use based upon the localitys goals and well researched information are critical to successful redevelopment. Despite these challenges significant opportunities exist for brownfield redevelopment which can economically revitalize an area and improve the quality of life for communities. Brownfield redevelopment is also an ideal time to integrate a number of sustainability features that can result in improved storm water management, reduced air emissions and energy consumption, and preserve the history and culture of our communities. The purpose of this guide is to provide a starting point for information about brownfield redevelopment planning, regulatory considerations and resources available from the federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Iowa Departments of Economic Development and Natural Resources. 6. References 1- NJDEP. Discussion Paper on Landfill Closure and Remediation Issues.(1993). 2- Environmental Protection Agency. Handbook for Remedial Action at Waste Disposal Sites. 3- Bujang B.K. Huat et al., (2007) Modified shear box test apparatus for measuring shear strength of unsaturated residual soil , Faisal Hj. Ali, S.Hashim , Thomson Gale (December 27, 2007) 4- Marcel van der Perk, (2009), Soil and Water Contamination: From Molecular to Catchment Scale, TF Books UK; 1 edition (January 28, 2009) Appendix A Description Of The Brownfield Cleanup Tracks The statute establishes four different â€Å"tracks† that a developer can follow in remediating a site. Under Track 1, a remedial program â€Å"shall achieve a cleanup level that will allow the site to be used for any purpose without restriction and without reliance on the long-term employment of institutional or engineering controls.† ECL 27-1415(4). With respect to soil remediation, the statute directs that Track 1 cleanups â€Å"shall achieve† the generic SCOs designed to allow for unrestricted future use of the property. Id. A developer who remediates a site to Track 1 standards receives a greater tax credit than is available for remediation under the other three tracks. Under Track 2, a remedial program â€Å"may include restrictions on the use of the site or reliance on the long-term employment of engineering and/or institutional controls.† ECL 27-1415(4). With respect to soil remediation, however, the statute directs that a Track 2 cleanup â€Å"shall achieve† the generic SCOs appropriate for the future use of the property â€Å"without the use of institutional or engineering controls to reach such objectives.† Id. Under Track 3, the developer does not need to achieve the generic SCOs, but instead â€Å"may use site specific data to determine† soil remediation objectives. ECL 27- 1415(4). Those sitespecific objectives must â€Å"conform with the criteria used to develop† the generic SCOs. Id. Like the generic SCOs, soil remediation objectives developed by the applicant pursuant to Track 3 â€Å"shall not exceed an excess cancer risk of one in one million for carcinogenic end points and a hazard index of one for non-cancer end points,† except where rural soil background contamination exceeds that risk level. ECL 27-1415(6)(b). A Track 4 remedial program â€Å"shall achieve a cleanup level that will be protective for the sites current, intended or reasonably anticipated residential, commercial, or industrial use with restrictions and with reliance on the long-term employment of institutional or engineering controls to achieve such level.† ECL 27-1415(4). The statute instructs that â€Å"[f]or Track 4, exposed surface soils shall not exceed the generic contaminant-specific [SCOs] developed for unrestricted, commercial, or industrial use pursuant to this subdivision which conforms with the sites current intended, or reasonably anticipated future use.† ECL 27-1415(6)(d). The statute defines â€Å"exposed surface soils† as â€Å"two feet for sites used for residential use and one foot for

How a photocopier works :: essays research papers

Photocopiers rely on static electricity to perform an incredibly complex process every time you press the copy button. Photocopiers use a photo receptor drum, a metal drum coated in a layer of semiconductor which is usually selenium. The photoconductivity of selenium means that when illuminated photons cause it to conduct electricity but when it is in the dark it is an insulator. When photons hit the Selenium electrons are liberated allowing current to pass through. When you press COPY on a photocopier a complex process begins. The drum is charged positively by the corona wire; this wire has a very high voltage passed through it and so transfers some to the drum as static electricity. The drum is coated in a layer of positive ions. A strong lamp is then shone up through glass onto the paper which needs to be photocopied. White areas of paper reflect this light back down, through a series of mirrors and lenses, onto the drum. Black areas (print) just absorb the light. When the light hits the selenium it allows current to flow by liberating electrons, the electrons brought by this voltage applied to the core of the drum neutralise the positive charge on parts of the drum in light so that only black areas are now charged. Next small beads covered in tiny black plastic powder are rolled over the drum. The powder is attracted to the drum at areas of positive charge because the toner is negatively charged. Another sheet of paper is charged strongly by the corona wire because this charge is greater than the charge on the drum, when the paper is passed over the drum the toner particles stick to it rather than the drum. When the paper has the toner on it, it passes through heated rollers which melt the black plastic onto the paper so that it is not held with just a weak charge. How a photocopier works :: essays research papers Photocopiers rely on static electricity to perform an incredibly complex process every time you press the copy button. Photocopiers use a photo receptor drum, a metal drum coated in a layer of semiconductor which is usually selenium. The photoconductivity of selenium means that when illuminated photons cause it to conduct electricity but when it is in the dark it is an insulator. When photons hit the Selenium electrons are liberated allowing current to pass through. When you press COPY on a photocopier a complex process begins. The drum is charged positively by the corona wire; this wire has a very high voltage passed through it and so transfers some to the drum as static electricity. The drum is coated in a layer of positive ions. A strong lamp is then shone up through glass onto the paper which needs to be photocopied. White areas of paper reflect this light back down, through a series of mirrors and lenses, onto the drum. Black areas (print) just absorb the light. When the light hits the selenium it allows current to flow by liberating electrons, the electrons brought by this voltage applied to the core of the drum neutralise the positive charge on parts of the drum in light so that only black areas are now charged. Next small beads covered in tiny black plastic powder are rolled over the drum. The powder is attracted to the drum at areas of positive charge because the toner is negatively charged. Another sheet of paper is charged strongly by the corona wire because this charge is greater than the charge on the drum, when the paper is passed over the drum the toner particles stick to it rather than the drum. When the paper has the toner on it, it passes through heated rollers which melt the black plastic onto the paper so that it is not held with just a weak charge.

Essay --

Plum Island is a fictional novel about a convalescing New York Police homicide detective named John Corey, who gets involved in a multiple murder investigation while he is supposed to be recovering from serious wounds. John is originally working as a consultant for the small township, where an old friend of his is the Chief of Police, but when he is relieved of this position, he continues the investigation on his own. Eventually the county detective assigned to solve the case, Beth Penrose, invites him to collaborate with her and the team solves the original double murder, and all of the murders committed by the same man, Frederic Tobin. John Corey is relaxing on his Uncle Harry's deck when Sylvester Maxwell, Chief of the local police, asks John to accompany him to the murder scene. Tom and Judy Gordon, biologists at the nearby Plum Island biological animal research center, and recent friends of John, have both been shot in the head on the deck of their home. John meets Detective Beth Penrose of the Suffolk County Sheriff's Office, Foster of the FBI, and a man named Ted Nash who says he is from the Department of Agriculture but turns out to be a CIA agent. The initial investigation focuses on the Gordons stealing a virus from the Plum Island facility and selling it to a foreign government. To this end, the team of Nash, Foster, John, Beth and Max are taken on a lengthy tour of the facility, including the uninhabited part of the island that contains a revolutionary war era abandoned fort. While on the tour, John and the team meet the head of security, Paul Stevens. They also learn that the Gordons were involved in researching a vaccine for Ebola, were amateur archeologists, and had free reign to bring their boat to and from work ... ... John and Beth take Tobin's boat to the ferry dock and Max meets them there. John heads for Manhattan to face the wrath of his NYPD supervisor. At his home, he finds a letter from the Gordons, written before their murder, verifying everything he has now discovered. John goes to meet with his supervisors and negotiate a way out of the trouble he is in for disobeying orders. The last chapter shows John teaching homicide investigation, as a retired police officer. It is several months after the Plum Island incident, and he misses the police force, but accepts what needed to happen. He is also unattached. John is surprised to se that Beth Penrose has enrolled in his class. She catches him up on the latest from Suffolk County, and is gently offering to be in his life again. While he initially resists, he announces to the class that he is taking her for drinks that night.

Hates Irrational Justification :: essays research papers

Hate’s Irrational Justification On Sept. 6, 2001, Richard Baumhammers, â€Å"a 36 year-old immigration lawyer, received five death sentences plus 112  ½ to 225 years in prison for a mass shooting rampage in April 2000 that killed his Jewish neighbor, two Asian men, and Indian man and a black man.† (â€Å"For the Record†) This incident was classified as a â€Å"hate crime† (a crime motivated solely on hate). Hatred is an extreme, on-going outburst powerful resentment and dislike of something or someone. How can something so powerful, such as hate, fulfill the minds of so many people? The odd thing about it, also, is that, hate does not cloud the minds of certain people only, the range of people is too great to be able to even start classifying them. Hate, like human feeling, is not rational but it has its reasons. Hate is irrational. Hate is created when people lose their ability to properly reason with anyone or with themselves for that matter. Hate is felt when someone feels trapped, unable to find another way of finding a solution to something that does not sit well in their minds. The Ku Klux Klan, who openly demonstrate hate towards African Americans, for example was compiled of middle to lower class white citizens that felt like their families, jobs, and lives were being threatened by the increase of African Americans living in the United States (Office Copy: Hate). As a result of this feeling of hopelessness and fear, they lynched and attacked African Americans for many years. Even till this day they have not completely seized harassment. Many people will agree that this is not a suitable solution for anything. Nothing was done to peacefully solve this conflict or mediate, instead, the KKK resorted to violence and open hatred. Another example is the Neo-nazi formation in the U.S. (Intel ligence report magazine) The Nazi party headed by Hitler in the nineteen thirties and forties hated Jews and anyone not part of the, so-called â€Å"Aryan nation† because they also felt threatened. As a so-called, â€Å"solution† to their insecurities they persecuted Jews. So why would Americans adopt this now, in the twenty-first century? According to William Pierce. Leader of the National Alliance, â€Å"†¦American people permitting the Jews to run their government and use American strength to advance Jews’ interests†¦ †(Published Interview) What Jewish interests? Pierce fails to say exactly what. No sense is being made.

Discriminatory Practice Essay

Infringement of rights: not respecting an individual’s rights and not letting them practice their culture. This can lead to individuals feeling devalued and very sad, which will affect their health. An example of this say for instance in a care home it was Eid and they was not allowed to celebrate it however all the other occasions were allowed, this would make an individual feel devalued and as if their needs or wants aren’t important, like their culture isn’t important this could lead to health problems as what they enjoy in their culture has been excluded and taken away from them. Covert use of power: hidden use of power to discriminate. This can lead health and social care professionals to treat someone differently from someone else. This means that a person may not get that same level of treatment, which may jeopardise their health and well-being. One example would be when people apply for job. Although one person may have the same experience and qualificati on as the other applicants they may not be shortlisted because of their skin colour, or sexuality etc. it’s harder to prove that covert discrimination is occurring but cases are regularly reported and is still happens. In a health and social care professional setting a health care worker may not give somebody the right medication at the right time, maybe due to the colour of their skin colour or their sexuality which they strongly feel opposed to. Overt use of power: openly using power to discriminate. This will have similar outcomes to covert abuse of power. However, if a person being treated notices that they are being discriminated against, it will have a negative impact on their recovery, their mental health issue to depression and it could make a negative impact on their recovery as they may worry about what they have even done in the first place to be getting this treatment. An example of over abuse of power could be if a health care worker tells a person they are too fat to live their 50s. Another example when a colleague is paid more than you, because of their gender, even though you are doing the same job with the same qualifications. It can also be found in the different treatment one person receives compared with another when there should be no difference at all. Prejudice: is prejudgment, or forming an opinion before becoming aware of the relevant facts of a case. The word is often used to refer to preconceived, cynical ideas about another individual, arising from a per son’s negative ideas about that person, usually unfavourable, judgments toward people or a person  because of gender, political opinion, social class, age, disability, religion, sexuality, race/ethnicity, language, nationality or other personal characteristics. For example, more than 700 people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia in 27 different countries were interviewed as part of International Study of Discrimination and Stigma Outcomes, 72 per cent of those interviewed said they felt the need to conceal their diagnosis. 64 per cent said the anticipation of discrimination stopped them applying for work, training or education programs and 55 per cent said it stopped them looking for a close relationship. In the health and social care sector could be care worker telling another care worker that he or she does not want to work with someone or get them over and done with as they don’t like them due to whatever reason may be. Stereotyping: assumptions made about an individual judged on their group, environment and it may not always be true and sometimes it is based on another persons or groups qualities and life, this is dangerous as it could make the service user feel depressed and mess them up mentally due to the ‘name callingâ⠂¬â„¢. For example, it may be a stereotype that Asian people love to eat rice. So according to this stereotype, if you are Asian, that automatically means that you will unconditionally love to eat rice. This can already show that generalizations made from stereotypes are not the most reliable to base your judgement on. Typically racial and ethnic group stereotypes come from some degree of prejudice thought. In a health and social care area this may occur when a health care worker sees a dark skinned black man and instantly think he is a thug so they chose not to assist them and move them on to someone else. Labelling: Labelling people refers to a form of prejudice and discrimination where a person allocates names to people on the basis of nationality, religion, ethnicity, gender, or some other group. Labelling of people represents a way of differentiating and identifying people. This practice is normally conducted on minority groups. For example, if you label someone who is wearing black as a Goth, you will assume them to be a depressing and dark-minded person, when in fact they might not be at all. This can lead to prejudice and discrimination. Labelling is basically a combination of all the other three things you have listed in your question, and is the ultimate form of ignorance and assumption. In the health and social care profession you need to be aware of this tendency to label people. Labelling thoughts may come into your head  and everyone has these types of thoughts but it’s what you do with them that are important. By becoming aware of your labelling thoughts, you can control them and stop them interfering with your work. Another example in the health and social setting is if a care worker was having a conversation with another care worker and referring a service user as the ‘bimbo’ just because of the colour of their hair such as blond this would be labelling and it would distress the user. Bullying: Bullying is a persistent attempt to hurt or humiliate someone, it is a repeated action and deliberately hurtful. The person bullying is more powerful than the person bullied, making it hard for those being bullied to defend them. Bullying can occur in many different forms. It can be physical (hitting, pushing, and damaging others’ property); it can be verbal (name-calling, threats) or social (excluding someone, spreading rumours). Bullying is not only between children and not only in schools; can it happen at home, in organisations, at work or on the Internet. Bullying is often based on perceived differences, such as ethnicity, sex or disability, so young LGBT people evidently have a higher risk of being bullied. In a health care sector a health care worker may tell a service user that they needs to stop eating as they are already too fat. Abuse: Abuse is the improper usage or treatment of an entity, often to unfairly or improperly gain benefit. Abuse can come in many forms, such as: physical or verbal maltreatment, injury, assault, violation, rape, unjust practices; crimes, or other types of aggression. Abuse of authority, in the form of political corruption, is the use of legislated or otherwise authorized powers by government officials for illegitimate private gain. Misuse of government power for other purposes, such as repression of political opponents and general police brutality, is not considered political corruption. Neither are illegal acts by private persons or corporations not directly involved with the government. An illegal act by an officeholder constitutes political corruption only if the act is directly related to their official duties. Abuse of authority is separated from abu se of power in that the act is originally condoned, but is extended beyond that initially conceived and is in not all cases.

Baria Planning Solutions Essay

The company Baria Planning Solutions is a specialty provider of spend analysis and management services to its customers. BPS was an early entrant into the market but rapid market growth in the past few years has attracted larger software companies to the market. In order to remain competitive against larger companies BPS has expanded beyond the energy sector to acquire other industry-niche providers. Once additional industry sector firms were acquired BPS was tasked with integrating parts of their operations across sectors to ensure operating efficiency. Each industry firm provided services to address the same general type of customer needs but they all differed in technology requirements and service delivery. These differences made it difficult to integrate operations between industry sectors. At the most recent year end the company realized a drop in new client sales and client renewal rates. The sales support team had faced challenges meeting the deadlines promised to clients and as a result they could not capture new sales or retain existing clients. Initial Assessment: Sales opportunities varied between quarters and across industries. BPS has not yet effectively designed the sales support process to meet varying demand levels throughout the year, therefore causing delays in the process. Variation in demand throughout the year caused the industry groups in the proposal support division to have inconsistent productivity levels. Capacity was being inefficiently utilized in the proposal process. As a result the sales support division had trouble meeting proposed deadlines. This then resulted in customer dissatisfaction as well as delays in assisting the salespeople. BPS believed an industry centered approach would be beneficial and provide a competitive advantage but they did not adequately structure their operations to support such a centric process. The sales support process is fragmented and there is no evidence of shared responsibility or employee empowerment. Because the process is fragmented adequate resources  should be provided at each stage in the process and utilized at an efficient level to meet demand. The acquisitions made by BPS are the precedent reason why the sales team is divided by industry sector and the sales leaders believe it is important to maintain an industry specific orientation. The sales team is divided by industry sector while the sales support team only has one of its divisions divided by industry sector. The salespeople have not been able to receive sales support assistance in a timely manner. Directors have suggested the sales support team organize into divisions by industry sector to provide more focused and dedicated support assistance to the sales division. The sales operations group leader disagreed with the proposal to separate sales support by industry division based on the belief that such a structural change would require hiring additional staff. The director of the sales operations group and the previous director of sales support played an influential role in the implementation of the current hybrid structure of the sales support group. In an effort to streamline the sales support group after the acquisition, all functions within sales support were integrated into teams that could serve all industry sectors acquired except for the proposal support group. The reasoning behind the proposal group separation was to allow BPS to continue offering and industry centered, consultative sales process. The hybrid structure was unique to the market, as most similar companies were organized into geographic divisions. BPS believed they could differentiate themselves from competitors with an industry centered niche. However, the industry specific focus could quite possibly be the reason why the sales support team hasn’t been able to meet deadlines and has been missing out on new sales and renewal opportunities. The entrance of competitors in the market has increased customer buying power and their evaluation of alternatives when buying business solutions. Quality assurance of the proposed value BPS offered was an emerging requirement for customers. BPS adopted a solution selling process to meet customer quality expectations and expected the additional performance would create demand which in turn would increase new sales and renewal rates. Because solution selling was a consultative sales process, a considerable amount of additional effort was required in the pre-contractual stage of the sales process to demonstrate value to customers in the proposal. It is important to have the proposal ready in time for the customer. Any delay  will discredit the quality and service promised in the initial selling process resulting in lower customer retention rates. Alternatives Assessment: *Hire additional resources to handle the large workload place on the proposal support staff. Sales support is a service process that requires human capital rather than physical capital. If additional resources are acquired they should be additional staff. Additional capacity should first be added at the bottleneck before it can effectively be added to other divisions. *Integrate all areas of sales support and get rid of the industry centered structure of proposal support. BPS has relied on the unique industry-centric organization of their sales support and salespeople for competitive advantage. Customer surveys to gauge how much they actually value the industry niche approach could be useful in determining what effect any deviation from industry focus would have on demand for BPS services. *Organize all sales support divisions into industry centered processes. This would likely require a significant amount of time and resources dedicated to training and salary expenses. This would be a mid range solution. For now the focus should be on immediate solutions. *Continue or discontinue with the solution selling process. The current trends of consumer choice in the industry, BPS should continue using the solution selling process. In such a service sector, customer satisfaction is vital to stimulate future demand especially if there are other available alternatives. *Cross-train or hire new employees to meet demand and improve utilization. It is relatively inexpensive to cross-train employees [($105,000/52)*3=$6,058] but additional hires might be necessary to meet the demand that cross training cannot. Analyzing utilization rates would help to make this decision. Final Recommendation: In the service sector, demand management involves scheduling customers while capacity management involves scheduling the workforce. Often in the service sector managing demand is not feasible, so companies must focus time and resources on managing capacity. The Theory of Constraints provides a useful framework to address the issues faced by BPS. There is obviously a constraint in the sales support process that must be identified. Exhibit 4  in the case shows the maximum sales support hourly times spent on each function fall outside of 3 standard deviations from the mean amount of time spent on each function. Once the sales support has been redistributed to the highest demand industry sector each quarter, the process should be able to handle the capacity required to fulfill the requests in a more efficient timely manner. Thus, the seasonal variations in demand can be met and assignable variation can be eliminated. The process time variation is expected to be reduced and more reliabl e utilization estimates can be determined. The utilization rates shown in Exhibit 7 of the case should be calculated for each quarter to identify how much pressure there is on a division each quarter and how feasible it is for the division to handle their workload without delay during each quarter. By doing so, it becomes apparent that the seasonal variations in the workload are the reason in proposal delays because the current staffing levels make it impossible to complete such variable demands. The utilization rates by division by quarter are displayed in Appendix 1. Cross training workers and/or hiring additional workers would enhance the capacity to meet the demand. The industry sector proposal divisions are the constraint in the system and can be fixed by offloading the work or increasing the capacity. Adding human resources and distributing them throughout the division will decrease the effect they have on the proposal delays. To improve utilization of resources the following scheduling and staffing requirements are recommended and the subsequent utilization rates are shown in Appendix 2. Hire two part time workers and cross train two full time workers. For a total equivalent of 14 workers on the Proposal support team. In Q1 move 2 full time people from government to retail. Place one part time worker in energy and one part time worker in government. In Q2 no full time workers will change but one part time worker will go to retail and the other will go to energy. In Q3 move 1 full time person from retail to government. Place one part time worker in government and the other in retail. In Q4 move 1 full time person from government and 1 full time person from retail to manufacturing. Place one part time worker in retail and the other in manufacturing. For now, only the proposal support staff will be redistributed. Ongoing quality management will indicate the need for additional staffing changes. By redistributing the proposal staff each quarter, utilization becomes more efficient and capacity is more  consistent with expected demand. Variation due to seasonality should be eliminated. Continuous quality improvement through monitoring the sales support process will provide additional information as to how capacity can be further managed. Process cycle time will provide evidence of the proposed utilization improvements. Customer service is an important aspect of quality than BPS will need to access often if they want to continue with a solution selling process. The solution selling process is essential to the value proposition and will enable BPS to remain competitive in the spend analysis service sector. Utilization improvementswill result in improved cycle times by eliminating variation in the process. Minimizing delays will create value to the customer as well as to BPS and improve customer satisfaction which will almost guarantee increased win and renewal rates.

Performance Enhancing Drugs Speech (Issues)

Lets be honest here, taking drugs to improve performance isn’t a spur-of-the-moment mistake, its a well planned and thought out way of cheating. It’s not like they are sold over the counter at your local chemists (or are they? ) People often say they don’t want to see druggies representing their country (wherever they are from) and so they should be banned for life, but can athletes that take performance enhancing drugs be labeled as druggies. Their physically fit in shape and generally healthy, everything a typical idea of a druggie isn’t.Lifetime bans could produce fewer convictions, because harsher punishment means greater â€Å"burden of proof† First, the reality is that a lifetime ban represents the harshest possible punishment for an athlete, for it takes away their livelihood, often without a fall-back plan (ask a 26-year-old cyclist what their second career option is, for example). It is, literally, a case of â€Å"off with their heads†, because you may as well do this. Now, in order to do this fairly, you have to be absolutely, 100% certain that you are punishing a person who deserves it.And sadly, the science is, as of this moment, not able to provide those guarantees, and there is always some doubt if an athlete wants to contest the origin of a doping positive. So ask the following: â€Å"If there is a 2% chance of a false positive test, then how comfortable are we issuing lifetime bans? † Then ask: â€Å"If there is a 10% chance of the positive dope test being the result of contamination of supplements, then are we comfortable with a lifetime ban? Now, imagine being the decision maker who has to evaluate a legal case where the athlete says: â€Å"I do not contest the positive dope test, but my defence is that it came from a supplement (or meat). I was therefore not cheating. † Can you confidently judge and condemn this person as a cheat? Given the science of anti-doping today, and the complexi ty of these cases, I'd argue that you simply cannot make this decision, and if your punishment option is to hand out a lifetime ban, I'd argue that you're far less likely to find dopers guilty when presented with this defence!We do not want our young people looking up to people who use drugs, but we also do not want to give those who are in admired positions of proposed authority to be forgiven of their sins. However, we are more than willing to allow those who use illicit street drugs a second and third, sometimes even a fourth chance at resolving themselves from what, these days, is being regarded as a disease instead of what it started out as- a very poor personal choice on the person who is now using.Steroids are not safe. We all know this. Use of these sorts of drugs, when not prescribed for an actual ailment, cause more damage than good. We do not like when our heroes are found out to simultaneously be human as well as talented. It is far easier to see this sort of behavior wh en it is displayed by a rock star or a spoiled rich kid, but when it is our heroes, we want to punish them severely, and more so than we would if the person in question were some street hooligan with no hope for a future.We will gladly help the hooligan, because that makes us a hero. We have helped a person lift themselves out of a personal and spiritual poverty and in the process have been given the chance to tell the world that because of something that we did, whether it is directly or indirectly, that person is now, in the eyes of better society, whole again, and it was all due to something we did for them.We are more willing to uplift an entire population of people who cannot even remember their name rather than allow those who could be the example of having done the bad thing, and now, after a lot of work and LOTS of apologizing, be the example that they were cut out to be. I say let them have a second and third chance at it all. And why not? We let crack heads, meth heads, al coholics and wife beaters do it. Why not someone who has access to the media who can truly be the role model that they did not ask to be when they signed those multi-million dollar contracts?