Wednesday, September 2, 2020

The Economics of Ketchup

The Economics of Ketchup Free Online Research Papers Ketchup is the most generally utilized sauce in the United States. It very well may be found in 97% all things considered, an indicating coordinated uniquely by salt and pepper as per Gidman (2010). Ketchup has been mainstream in the United States for about 200 years and today is devoured by 93% of the populace. Agreeing the NPD Group, a statistical surveying firm, 56% of ketchup is expended on three primary nourishments: Hamburgers, sausages, and French fries which remain the most eaten food sources for children and grown-ups, as per a Survey of National eating Trends (2010). Heinz is the lord of ketchup It claims 60% of the ketchup advertise. Heinz ketchup has dramatically increased their deals and volume of its closest rival Hunts. Chases is the second significant ketchup brand which is trailed by a littler piece of the pie of different conventional, private marks and gourmet ketchups. Del Monte has the littlest piece of the pie of these main four ketchup classes (2010). Heinz was established in 1869 by Henry John Heinz, the Heinz brand controls the ketchup advertise with enrolled deals of $267.1 million of every 2005. ConAgra, the producer of the second spot Hunt’s Ketchup, trailed behind with a 16 percent. Del Monte scarcely made it with a 5.3 percent of piece of the overall industry falling behind the private mark and gourmet marks that held a 17 percent. (Gidman, 2010). Anyway in 2008, a visually impaired trial of 20 ketchup brands was led and 35.8 million tons of ketchup was expended at this taste testing in Toronto, Canada. In scan for a top pick, Hunt’s ketchup administered the challenge with â€Å"Best Overall Ketchup with America’s Choice Tomato Ketchup as first next in line. Heinz followed the challenge in second next in line and Best Healthy Ketchup as third. Ketchup has gotten increasingly serious since its creation and will keep on being progressively serious later on because of the developing interest and need. In spite of the bombed brand augmentations and rivalry from all the more socially impacted sauces, Smith doesn't see a decrease in the ketchup class coming at any point in the near future and he looks to nearby food markets as verification. Numerous gourmet food stores convey at any rate 15 unique kinds of ketchup and these are not the essential three brands (2010). Cafés are likewise serving new ketchup, which they make themselves, which demonstrates ketchup to be an energizing field that hasn’t become stale. Besides, there is a universal market for the ketchup. Ketchup is being utilized on everything from pasta, moves, meatballs, fishballs, and so on. There is a change as per the neighborhood need. For example, Kraft Foods, delivered a paprika enhanced ketchup for the European market. (2010). With this worldwide intrig ue, ketchup is picking up reputation in the commercial center. While the food business is developing generally speaking, sauces have figured out how to out play out the entire part, as per another report from Mintel International Group, Chicago, on the U.S. ketchup advertise. This represented almost $3 billion in deals in 2001 with a solid nonstop development over these previous barely any years. With expansion balanced development averaging 3.2% every year in the course of recent years, ketchup deals are well in front of the general food value pattern, which is nearer to 2.5%. Ketchup deals have grown a normal of just 1.5% every year. In this way, the business has been effective in expanding costs. Ketchup is one of the requesting fixings of cheap food industry. It is for the most part utilized with burgers, chips, French fries and even as a base for different sauces. With its development in eighteenth century, the ketchup has changed from slim and watery fluid to thick pureed tomatoes. The worldwide ketchup showcase is developing at a fast pace because of changing food propensities for the individuals in creating countries, simple accessibility and its taste improve properties. Tomato being the significant element of ketchup gives different enemy of maturing and medical advantages to the shoppers. With the nearness of an extremely modest number of enormous universal players, the ketchup advertise is exceptionally divided with a high offer taken up by the nearby organizations. It is additionally in incredible interest as an ever increasing number of families are compelled to eat dinners at home during these troublesome monetary occasions. References (2008). Trial: Ketchup (Epicurious). Message presented on epicurious.com/articleguides/everydaycooking/tastetests/ketchuptastetest Gidman, J. (2008, December). Your Chance (Ketchup/Heinz/Hunt’s/Del Monte/ConAgra/Condiment/brandchannel.com). Message presented on randchannel.com/features_effect.asp?pf_id=450 Manors Boas, M. J. (2003, May). The Ketchup Marketplace: Retailer, Manufacturer, and Individual Consumer (), Message presented on http://groups.haas.berkely.edu/mareting/PAPERS/VILLAS/ket5-2003.pdf Examination Papers on The Economics of KetchupAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductDefinition of Export QuotasTwilight of the UAWPETSTEL investigation of IndiaGenetic EngineeringHip-Hop is ArtBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationResearch Process Part One

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Essay on The Acting Self

Exposition on The Acting Self Exposition on The Acting Self Exposition on The Acting SelfThe investigation of idea of self is one of focal inquiries in psychology.â Self-idea depicts peoples’ impression of themselves.   People have certain thoughts regarding themselves and as per these thoughts they pick the procedure of activities and correspondence. Feenstra(2013)â separates self-idea as,â â€Å"the assortment of things you think about yourself â€, for example, your general intellectual and getting (convictions, perspectives and feelings) about yourself†. Self-idea additionally incorporates human practices and responses.  Feenstra likewise expresses that self-recognition is framed during correspondence with others and  through inward impression of one’s self.  Self-idea and self-discernment impact the manner in which individuals see others. Self-idea turns into a sort of channel which makes the individual see certain data in the outside world.â Despite the way that the thought of self-idea and self- diagram share a great deal for all intents and purpose, there are additionally contrasts between topic. Self-outline is utilized to arrange in structure thoughts and ideas of self-origination.  As Feenstra (2013) states: â€Å"self-compositions arrange and assist us with utilizing the immense measures of data inside self-concept†.  The self is a ground-breaking power which has incredible effect on our lives. It influences the manner in which individuals feel, the manner in which they see reality around them and the manner in which they act.  Self-mindfulness is another idea which manages peoples’ impression of themselves. Mindfulness is a mindfulness about the specific parts of self-idea. Mindfulness can be private and open. The first incorporates the familiarity with internal contemplations, thoughts, attitudesâ and wants. The subsequent one incorporates seeing how others see us.  This interior and outside mindfulness dependent on inward and outer collaborat ion make the substance of social psychology.â Self-recognition and cooperation with others make two essential qualities in human lives and condition these lives to incredible expand.  Self-idea, self-mapping and mindfulness taken together form the acting self.

Toys Essay Research Paper ToysWhen I was free essay sample

Toys Essay, Research Paper Toys At the point when I was a child I could just hold fantasy about holding toys as they do today. With the designing advancements and new developments that they have today the toy organizations can do toys that walk, talk, and larn all on their ain. Turning up as a child I played with toys, for example, little fictile toy troopers, metal Tonka trucks, a grouping of toy vivify creatures which were either made of plastic or stuffed and you needed to use your innovativeness to fake that they could talk and hear you out. We other than had this image game called Atari. Innovation has had the greatest result on the change of the toy from my youth to the toys today. At the point when I was more youthful we played the Atari. It was an enormous box, which appeared as though the abroad wire boxes of today that attach to your Television. We will compose a custom exposition test on Toys Essay Research Paper ToysWhen I was or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page It had two control sticks, which had one catch on it. The game cartridges were boxlike and they had unidimensional degrees. Today with layer building we have the Sony Playstation which is littler in size, and the games are on CD? s. The degrees are 3-dimensional and you have a bookkeeper with a few unique catches and it shakes during the game to do it look practical. Innovation has other than affected the toy automobiles and trucks of my adolescence yearss. At the point when I was a child I used to have on out the articulatio genuss in each support of bloomerss I claimed compelling about little cars and Tonka trucks. Presently they have remote control cars that utilization remote signs to go on their ain. With the press of a catch you can do them turn, travel straightforwardly or change by inversion. It is battery worked, the battery works the remote sign from the bookkeeper in your manus to the airborne on the auto. Today they have toys that can walk, talk, and larn on their ain. With the help of processing machine french friess that can be modified to make certain thing or shop memory. This empowers them to talk ; they are customized to express certain things. Presently they have made the Furby which can truly pickup things that you state process it and state it back to you. These are considerably more progressed than the toy vitalize creatures of my adolescence. Presently they have come out with a toy called Giga pet. This toy resembles a pet, you need to take care of, wash, medical caretaker, and take consideration of it. In the event that you wear? t the pet will expire and you will hold to get down the game over. On the off chance that building has progressed toys this much in around ten mature ages it will scare you to accept what is to come the accompanying 10 mature ages. You neer realize toys may even assume control over the universe.

Friday, August 21, 2020

Training and Development Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Preparing and Development Paper - Essay Example This should be possible with appropriate preparing and training framework set up. Following paper manages 3 viewpoints: Importance of preparing and instruction in social insurance: It is of imperative significance to make mindfulness among masses and it very well may be done through preparing. Significance of estimating capabilities: This assists with getting capacities and necessities of individuals. The way toward following and assessing preparing adequacy: This structures a significant advance to comprehend if endeavors are right way. Preparing and Education in Health Care Health care is among the most significant issues looked by numerous nations today. One of the most powerful economies; the U.S. economy, has had a colossal effect due to rising medicinal services costs related with health care coverage and clinical consideration (â€Å"Health care†, 2011). On account of expanding uses on social insurance, it has gotten basic to address this issue. Significance of preparin g and training in medicinal services: Let us comprehend the significance of human services from a fundamental perspective. Each time that a child goes into his home in the wake of playing, how frequently does he contact food things simply in the wake of washing his hands clean? The appropriate response is ‘almost never’, until his folks yell at him. Point to take from this is mentally we as a whole disregard dealing with our wellbeing except if something antagonistic transpires. Disregarded human services can be lethal now and again! For a similar explanation, preparing and instruction is of imperative significance in social insurance. Preparing essentially incorporates granting information about specific issues. This is done to improve the ranges of abilities of an individual so as to profit the individual by and by or the association he/she is working with. Preparing and training are likewise the approaches to spread mindfulness and sharpen abilities. We know about a mainstream saying: Health is Wealth. What's more, right it is! In the event that we can keep up our wellbeing and remain fit, at exactly that point we can effectively walk towards accomplishing our objective. With quick logical advancement, human services is related with consistent presentation of more up to date innovations. For instance, hardly any decades back, it was unrealistic to quantify glucose level at home. Anyway with the approach of new innovation and better gadgets which were reduced and compact, this estimation got conceivable inside our homes. In this manner, creating mindfulness about the significance of keeping up glucose level inside specific cutoff points and hence checking it normally got apparent. Here emerged the requirement for preparing and training here. To advance another basic model, the spot bikes and the treadmills utilized for practices were not accessible long back. Individuals never realized how to monitor calories consumed. With the presentation of t hese machines, our assignments turned out to be simple. Being large or unfit is an indication of awful wellbeing. The utilization of these machines required numerous dieticians/specialists to clarify the significance of wellness and keeping up great wellbeing. Social insurance comes in numerous aspects identified with: skin, general neatness, cleanliness, women’s human services, maternity care practice, family arranging, nursing, children’s wellbeing, dietary wellbeing, and so on. (Johnson, 2006). Preparing for every one of these things can be orchestrated in different manners as referenced beneath: 1. Workshops. 2. Workshops. 3. Contextual investigation examination and assessment. 4. On-task preparing. 5. Talk arrangement. 6. Gathering ventures. 7. Overviews. 8. Brief timeframe deliberate assistance with organizations giving human services support, and so forth. Significance of

How to Overcome Stage Fright

Step by step instructions to Overcome Stage Fright Envision remaining at the tribune, a few seconds before you really begin conveying your graduation discourse. Think about the second when you remain behind the mic, not long before the principal line of the melody you need to perform for the group. How can it feel? Is it accurate to say that you are brimming with glad energy or want to flee (if no one but you could do it on those temperamental legs)? On the off chance that it causes you to feel any better †John Lennon used to hurl before his live exhibitions. Youre not the only one in the battle. Its Not About You One of the most widely recognized reasons of a phase tension is stressing what the crowd is going to think about you. Indeed, heres a great certainty: They dont truly care about your character. More often than not individuals are stressed uniquely over themselves. You are to draw in, instruct or engage your crowd. In the event that they are happy with what they get, they wont pass judgment on the person who conveys it excessively hard. In this manner, focus on the material youre going to introduce as opposed to concentrating on your character. Practice Careful discipline brings about promising results. The standard applies to pretty much every circle of our lives, isn't that so? Open talking isn't a special case. Preparing encourages your mind to lessen the quantity of obscure factors it needs to manage when the due date comes. This permits you to concentrate on your story, engaging your peruser and making the entire thing considerably more fun. In the event that retaining a discourse is a test for you, investigate our infographics on the most proficient method to remember a discourse. Send Good Vibes Observation is everything, isnt it? That is the reason thinking about your crowd starting at a gathering of neighborly, intrigued individuals, as opposed to a lot of folks, prepared to crush you with analysis, will be of an extraordinary assistance. Grin and recollect about eye to eye connection. Abstain from looking at individuals, however: redirecting your eyes to take a gander at your notes or fix the machines makes you look human, which is absolutely acceptable. We like the things we can identify with. Accordingly, looking not really impeccable now and again may even be something to be thankful for. Force Posing Non-verbal communication can shape our conduct, the manner in which we settle on choices and feel about ourselves. Force presenting is an incredible instrument to accomplish these outcomes. The examination appears, that remaining in a powerful posture for around 2 minutes may truly support your certainty and diminish pressure. What are these stances? Think about a Wonder Woman or a Superman signature positions. Counterfeit it till you make it. Or then again, really, counterfeit it until you become it. Dont Cram Sounding human and looking characteristic is vital for fruitful conveyance and intriguing your audience members. That is the reason you dont need to gain proficiency with each and every word by heart, with regards to conveying a discourse. You without a doubt are to comprehend what follows what and have a few cards or the layout before your eyes. Remembering each and every word will make you sound mechanical. In the event that you are experiencing issues with composing a discourse, consider our discourse composing help. On the off chance that you will sing, act or move in open †circumstance is somewhat extraordinary. Here youll look for a specific level of automation, where you know all the moves, signs or course of the song. In any case, leaving some space for your spirit and motivation will support you and your crowd appreciate the occasion substantially more. Relax Taking in specific examples might be an extremely ground-breaking unwinding strategy. To begin with, it has a positive effect onto your physical state: circulatory strain settle your cerebrum gets that ideal bit of oxygen the muscles unwind With everything taken into account, you feel undeniably increasingly quiet and sure. Second, you essentially concentrate on a movement, not on your being on edge and worried. Benefit! No Caffeine Heaps of individuals basically cant work without their preferred blend. Actually, its sort of a custom, that must be ameliorating and empowering. That is unquestionably obvious. Another reality here is that caffeine is a solid energizer: it quickens your pulses gets dried out the vocal harmony what's more, can even make you sweat all the more seriously Include the general anxiety and get a mixed drink of being excessively nervous, sweat-soaked and noisy. Take a stab at sparing your cuppa as a prize for progress. On the off chance that that just doesnt work for you †adhere to your customary sum, and dont include any additional segments of caffeine before the genuine occasion. Loosen up Do several yoga presents. Pick the degree of trouble that suits you best and spotlight on keeping up that equalization, breathing and keeping muscles quite close. On the off chance that youre a fanatic of yoga as of now †you realize how marvelous it is. In the event that youre not exactly into that †give it a shot! You dont need to make yoga your day by day schedule, yet it might work fine and dandy for unpleasant circumstances, much the same as your open execution. Presently, calmly inhale. Your introduction, discourse, play or show will go extraordinary. Particularly, with our tips. Sparkle splendid! Youll nail it.

Saturday, June 27, 2020

Tesla Inc. Overview - Free Essay Example

Operations – Production is done globally to reduce the manufacturing and therefore selling price of a vehicle. Tariff avoidance in this manner helps keep costs down. Marketing and Sales – Direct-to-consumer sales helps controls costs by having customers order their vehicles on-line where they may also customize the vehicle (later modifications are avoided if a consumer gets exactly what they want the first time). The use of social media and word of mouth keeps costs down by not incurring additional layers in this functional area (no advertising campaigns or non-Tesla owned dealerships). Trade-ins and the sale of used Tesla vehicles are also handled in this manner and through the Tesla website. Service – Charging for life and after sale service conducted through Tesla owned service stations and charging stations adds another layer of customer value. The ability to complain to an executive instead of a call center individual gives a greater level of respect to the customer and aids in customer retention. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats Strengths Innovation – Tesla continuously generates new ideas, products, updates, and improvements to stay ahead of the competition. Brand Recognition – Tesla is a brand that is easily and quickly identifiable to consumers. Product Quality – Tesla is known for its hand-crafted appeal and its 5 Star Crash Rating of Excellence making quality a major differentiation factor. Consumer Loyalty – consumers are willing to wait for the vehicle of their choice rather than pick from a lot and these same consumers will go out of their way to help Tesla deliver vehicles to new buyers. Willingness to take chances – Tesla is willing to take risks that other automotive manufacturers will not because failure could mean bankruptcy. Weaknesses Supply chain issues – production is slow due to waiting times on parts and battery components. Production facilities – not enough facility space to build enough cars or batteries to increase supply to fit the growing demand and production deadlines. Selling presence is too limited – due to state regulations and a shortage of Tesla dealerships sales are not as high as they could be if Tesla were able to enter into more markets both nationally and globally through direct-to-consumer sales. Pricing – the cost of a Tesla vehicle is still out of the reach of most consumers and until advancements are made in technology, supply chain improvements and more marketing presence the price will remain high. Social Media – social media presence is concentrated on adversarial tweets vs productive uses of social media to enhance the market presence and to ensure a better working partnership with government agencies. Opportunities Global Market Expansion – Tesla can open new facilities in China and India allowing for a greater global market presence and brand recognition when going head-to-head against European Brands such as BMW and Volkswagen. Global Sales – an increase in corporate sales figures due to the new markets reached globally. Supply Chain options – increased options for improved and shorter supply chains that will enhance production speed and lower costs thus lower the costs of the vehicles. Further Diversification – a global reach allows for diversification within the business structure allowing for profitable investments globally that cannot be attained stateside. Tariff Avoidance – global production and sales will allow Tesla to avoid costly import and export tariffs. Threats Increased State and Federal Regulations and Over-sight – New regulations requiring that all electric vehicles make a designated minimum decibel level so that pedestrians can hear the vehicle coming will add production and design costs. SEC regulations and investigations – the monitoring by the SEC over the next 3 years and the fines levied for fraud will make every move Tesla makes scrutinized for illegalities and further prosecution. Seller/Dealer regulations further regulations banning direct to consumer sales and scrutiny and/or legal fights regarding dealer claims can further minimize market presence and therefore sales. Government Incentives and IRS Deductions – the removal of all or part of the current incentives and deductions will further reduce market sales of all electric vehicles (from all producers). More flexibility of when the use the incentive (as part of the down payment) may increase the sales of electric vehicles. Increased Competition – As more automotive manufacturers join the electric vehicle market Teslas market share could slip to a lower level.

Tuesday, May 26, 2020

5 Quick Tips to Maximize the Holiday Break for the College Process

The holiday breakis upon us. While this often represents time to spend with family, it is also a great time to catch up on the college topics that have fallen to the wayside.Whether you are the parent of a high school junior or senior, or already have a child in college, these holiday breaks have critical deadlines for all students planning to go to college as well as those already in college.So, lets work this holiday to secure their academic future, and let me show you the way.Here are five tips to help you maximize the holiday break to help your child reach collegiate glory.1. Get Organized!The first step of any good plan is to get organized. Start by setting aside specific times during the break to work on college-related priorities. Depending on your childs current grade level, your needs may vary slightly. To help you get a plan on paper, here are the most important areas to focus on.Scholarship TimeYou always want to start with scholarships. Why? Because deadlines are already happening. This is one area where you want to be the early bird. So, if you and your child havent started researching scholarships, this is definitely where you want to start, especially for current high school seniors and college students.Luckily, there are a wide variety of scholarships available through almost any kind of organization you can think of. In fact, some scholarships allow children as young as four years old to be considered. Others accept applicants who are going to be seniors in college. That said, it doesnt matter if your child is 4 or 22, they can (and should) be applying.With that much space, a little digging can go a long way. But, if you are looking for awards for the Fall 2017 semester, you need to get on this quick.Not sure how to find scholarships? Grab your spot to our next free webinar for parents on the 6 Steps to Securing Scholarships.Applications and AdmissionsHigh school seniors need to have these moving forward ASAP. Some colleges and universities are still in their early admissions period, so you can get a head start if you apply now. Others will stop accepting applications as early as January 1st (waves at Harvard).Depending on where your senior would like to go to college, the clock may be ticking. Get those applications in order and submitted ASAP. Otherwise, if you miss the deadline, that school is off the table for at least the fall semester.College application and scholarship deadlines are fast approaching, and there are only so many more chances to get an SAT or ACT scheduled (for more information on deadlines for high school seniors, check this post here!).FAFSAAll hail the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (or FAFSA), gatekeeper to federal grants and student loans, potential holder of your childs collegiate financial future; we bow to thee.Every high school senior and college student looking to remain enrolled next year must complete this doozy of a form. Even though it feels intimidating, the FAFSA is actually fairly stress-free. It relies on facts and data, and it even tells you where to get the information (arent open book tests the best!).While the FAFSA deadline might not be an immediate issue, it is important to realize that certain awards related to FAFSA applications are only available on a first come, first serve basis. That means, if you wait until the last minute to complete the forms, you may miss out on funds you would have otherwise gotten.So, a little bit of diligence on the part of you and your college student can pay off in real dollars, which makes it worth the trouble now.SATs and ACTsHigh school juniors and seniors need to be thinking about their SATs and ACTs (especially seniors who havent taken one yet!). Each college can have different deadlines for SAT and ACT scores, which you will see during the application process.High school seniors are running out of time to get these exams handled if they want the results to help them get into college in the fall. So, if they havent signed up yet, there is no better time than the present.Juniors have a little more leeway. That means the holiday break is a great time for a practice test (I can hear the groans now). Part of what makes the SAT and ACT feel so daunting is that many students arent very familiar with the format. Luckily, practice tests replicate the actual testing experience pretty wellwell, except for the computer options and being in the comfort of your own home, but they are otherwise pretty close. Use the holiday to get more familiar with the inevitable, and they may find it easier to handle the exam when the real one comes around. Lastly, we actually recommend that juniors take the official SAT/ACT once before the end of the school year to get a feel for their real test scores.Below is a quick table to see what your child should be focusing on based on their school year.Want more guidance on organizing the college process for high school seniors and juniors? Check out our College Process calendar! You can download it here.Download the Free College Process Calendar Now! 2. Get a Competitive Edge with VolunteeringThis time of year presents a number of volunteering opportunities. Food banks, soup kitchens, and other charities can use a hand any time of year, and the holiday season is no exception.When checking into volunteer opportunities for your child, look into options that can help them during their college admissions process. If they can find something related to their field of study, thats AWESOME. If not, then volunteering will still look great on college applications (and future job applications too).If the right volunteer opportunity isnt available, have them check into local professionals working in their target field. They may be able to get some experience shadowing them while lending a hand with basic tasks. While there is no guarantee someone will be willing to take on the temporary title of mentor, it never hurts to ask.3. Scholarship Time!Since you alre ady organized the time for scholarship applications, now is when your child can do them. Have your child research opportunities that may work for them, and help them get set up to apply. December is a big month for scholarship deadlines, so the Thanksgiving holiday is a great time to get these handled.If you want a hand finding great scholarship opportunities for your high school or college student, join our free webinar.Once the scholarship applications are in motion, then its time for the next round of applications.4. College ApplicationsNow its time to lay it all out on the line! Lets get these applications started!Many college applications have similar (if not identical) requirements. That means your child can easily work on multiple applications using the same information. Just make sure your child reads each carefully so that they dont accidentally get something mixed up, especially the name of the college in any application essays (dont think they like being called by someone elses name any more than you would and it has happened).And, speaking of essays, the holiday break is a great time to write them. Have your high school student take their time when creating the essays, and make sure they are as perfect as possible before the holiday breakis over. If your child has a teacher in their high school that is willing to take a look, it never hurts to have someone else review them, just in case.Also, keep in mind that many of the scholarship requirements can be used for college applications and vice versa. Hopefully you are seeing a pattern here reusing materials can save you and your child plenty of time. And having this game plan will help you both realize where items can be reused!5. Now Relax and Enjoy the Holiday Break!Ah, the best part: The holidays are a joyful season, and it is important to dedicate some of your time to rest, relaxation, and rejuvenation. You and your child have worked hard, and you certainly deserve a break for all of your effor ts thus far. So, kick your feet up in front of the fire, enjoy a second (or thirdor fourth) serving of pie, and congratulate yourselves on a job well done. Youve earned it!

Monday, May 18, 2020

Easter Acrostic Poem Lesson Plan

Are you in need of a quick Easter activity for your students? Try having your students create an Easter acrostic poem. They are so easy to write and they can be about any subject. Grade Level: Primary and Upper GradesSubject: Language Arts Objectives/Learning Goals Practice brainstorming Easter-related wordsUse descriptive phrases and sentences to describe Easter or words related to EasterWrite an Easter acrostic poem Required Materials Pencil and paper for each student to write their poem onScrap paper for brainstorming Anticipatory Set Ask the class what they know about Easter. Write a list on the board while they are calling out answers, and offer ideas and comments as you write down the list.Brainstorm 10-15 Easter-related words and write them on the front board or overhead projector. Have the students copy these words on a scrap piece of paper or create a graphic organizer. Overview of Lesson Plan Each student is asked to write a short acrostic poem using an Easter-related word. They must create phrases and/or sentences that relate to the subject in order to complete the task. Direct Instruction Choose an Easter-related word and work together to create an acrostic poem. Choose words such as: Easter, eggs, Happy Easter, basket, bunny or Spring.Model the format of an acrostic poem on the front board. The easiest way to display this is to put the letters of the subject down the left-hand side of the page. Once this is done you can now begin to think of a sentence that describes your subject.Brainstorm sentences that would relate to the subject of the poem. Leave these ideas on the front board so the students can use them as a reference when creating a poem on their own. Guided Practice For younger students, provide a graphic organizer for brainstorming and an acrostic poem worksheet where they can fill in the blanks.For older students, you can also provide a graphic organizer for brainstorming, but then have them write their own sentences from scratch. Closure Once they have completed their poems allow time for them to illustrate a picture and then share their poems aloud with their classmates. Independent Practice For homework, have students create an acrostic poem using another Easter-related word. For extra credit or practice, they can create a poem using the letters of their name. Assessment The final piece of writing and homework assignment will be assessed by a rubric that the teacher has created. Sample Easter Acrostic Poems HAPPY EASTER H - ope is in the Spring airA - s we all come togetherP - ractice your manners for Easter dinnerP - raise your parents and the ones you loveY - es, together we love toE - at on Easter dayA -nd when you wake up onS - unday morning you can search for your Easter basket.T - o me its the best part of Easter,E - ating all of the chocolate bunnies and collecting the eggs.R - emember to get some rest for the special day! EASTER E - aster is a great time of yearA - nd every child loves to eat chocolateS - o make sure you don’t eat too muchT - ogether we can hideE - aster eggs and find themR - emember not to eat too much candy or youll get a belly ache! EGGS E - atG - ather eggsG - o to churchS - pring has sprung SPRING S -ring is a wonderful time of yearP -icture the flowers bloomingR -abbits are hoppingI -t is soN -ice and warm outsideG -rowing flowers at Easter time.

Saturday, May 16, 2020

Memory Of The Brain Responsible For Memory - 2238 Words

As we go through our daily lives, we are exposed to sensory material. Our responses to these sensations are predicated upon our past experiences. These experiences are stored as memories. According to Richard Morris, our memories involve a series of interconnected nerve cells that develop strong connections through a process called long-term potentiation (Morris, 2003). Memory making involves the interaction of several structures in the brain: the amygdala processes emotions; the limbic cortex coordinates sensory input with emotion; and the thalamus controls sensory information and attention or alertness. Perhaps the most important structure in the brain responsible for memory is the hippocampus which is located near the middle of the brain (Staniloiu Markowitsch, 2012). It is believed that the hippocampus serves as a temporary storage area for memories until they are transferred to other structures in the brain for long-term and permanent storage (Graf, etal, 2012). Damage to any o f these structures can cause amnesia (Deng, 2010). Memory is divided into two categories based on how long the information is accessible: short-term memory and long-term memory. Short-term memory refers to remembering a small amount of information for several seconds to a few minutes (Staniloiu Markowitsch, 2012). Long-term memory refers to the storage and retrieval of memories over a long period of time (days, weeks, months or years) Long-term memory includes several subcategories whichShow MoreRelatedThe Right Hemisphere Of The Brain1436 Words   |  6 PagesMemory plays a key role in all living organisms’ lives. The capability to memorize and therefore remember vital functions e.g. location of nutrient/water sources and manoeuvres of defence and or escape when faced with a predator (excluding plants) is the difference between an organisms survival. The human brain is an organ that serves as the centre of the nervous system and is responsible for all human functions (control centre of body) including memory, movement, the five senses, respiratory andRead MoreThe Complex Structures Of The Limbic System975 Words   |  4 Pages2016). The limbic lobe is mainly responsible for facilitating mental functions and behavior such as emotions, cognition, judgment, impulsivity, learning, memory, pain, perception, motivation, and reward (ebrain, 2016). It is generally a site for the establishment of memory, learning and emotion. The limbic system contains many unique structures, the hypothalamus being the primary output structure, because it is connected to the frontal lobes, septal nuclei and the brain stem. The hypothalamus is locatedRead MoreDementia: Cerebrum and High Blood Pressure953 Words   |  4 Pagesdisease of the brain, usually of a chronic progressive nature in which there are multiple disturbances of higher cognitive function. These include impairment of memory, thinking and orientation, learning ability, language and judgement. 1.2 Describe the key functions of the brain that are affected by dementia The key functions of the brain that are affected by dementia are the temporal lobe, frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital, cerebrum lobe and the hippocampus. Temporal lobe- responsible for visionRead MoreCognitive Term of Behaviour821 Words   |  4 Pagesto long-term memory. He could remember events from before the operation for the rest of his life. His working memory and procedural memory w ere intact. After the operation, he could continue to complete tasks that require recall from the short-term memory and that involved procedural memory but could not make use of long-term episodic memory after the operation. After the operation, he lost his declarative memory (semantic and episodic). Because of the removal of these parts of brain, he might faceRead MoreThe Human Brain Is Responsible For Operating Every Aspect Of Our Body922 Words   |  4 Pages The human brain is an organ that is responsible for operating every aspect of our body, and one of those aspects is learning. This vital organ is part of our central nervous system and has three parts to it; the brainstem, the cerebellum, and the cerebrum. The part most responsible for learning is the cerebrum. The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and because of this it has the ability to gather information, process and understand the information, and convert it to memory. The cerebrumRead MoreThe Brain And Memory Processes Essay1316 Words   |  6 PagesThe Brain and Memory Processes Katty Miles Psych1103 Psychology Core Concepts Erica Williams 9/23/2016 Miller- Motte College NC Brain and memory The Memory has different aspects and stages of processing information. The brain works with the memory and data on processing into the memory. The memory can be located in the brain senses and transfer all over the body and can send messages from the hippocampus and Werneck’s to the brainRead MoreEssay Child Abuse and Neglect946 Words   |  4 Pagesabuse and neglect have on brain development. Researchers have found important links between interpersonal experiences and neurobiological development. Children who have been sexually abused are at significant risk of developing anxiety disorders (2.0 times the average), major depressive disorders (3.4 times average), alcohol abuse (2.5 times average), drug abuse (3.8 times average), and anti-social behavior (4.3 times average). Generally the left hemisphere of the brain is the site of language, motorRead MoreEssay on The Neurobiology of Memory and Aging1680 Words   |  7 PagesThe Neurobiology of Memory and Aging I lost my keys again, my mother exclaimed at dinner a few nights ago, I really am getting old. This use of old age as a justification for memory deficits is extremely common. Many people relate old age with loss of memory and other neurobiological functions. Why is it that aging seems to go hand in hand with losing and forgetting things? Is there a neurobiological explanation for this phenomenon? It is clear to neurobiologists that agingRead MoreThe Central Nervous System864 Words   |  4 Pages Did you know your brain is roughly 75% water, but only accounts for about 2% of your total weight? Located in the head, the brain is the main organ of the central nervous system. The brain is used to regulate everyday life. Its three primary functions are to produce behavior, to create a sensory reality, and to create knowledge that separates different times and sensory domains used to guide behavior. It must have systems to create the sensory world, systems to produce behavior, and systems to integrateRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease Is The Most Common Type Of Dementia1498 Words   |  6 Pagesaffect the brain such as in memory loss. c. Alzheimer’s is a neurodegenerative brain disorder causing progressive memory loss and destroys thinking skills. d. First discovered by Alois Alzheimer (a German physician) who first discovered the disease in 1906. (Alzheimer’s and Dementia) e. First discovered, while Alois was preforming an autopsy on a woman who suffered from memory loss for years. f. What he found was microscopic amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. g. Also believes

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Gender Roles In Colonial America - 1246 Words

Gender Roles in Colonial America Gender Roles were very important in Colonial America. Nowadays, young women are taught that they could grow up and be whatever they want--but it wasn’t always this way. In Colonial times women were limited in what they could do or even say. Although they had limitations, without the roles they played many people wouldn’t have survived. Gender Roles were passed from generation to generation with many limitations for women. Despite these limitations, many women were comfortable in their roles. The lifestyles of these women have directly impacted today’s society in the form of the feminist movement. Gender Roles were forced upon people at a young age. Fathers would teach their sons â€Å"how to be a man† which†¦show more content†¦On the contrary, some argue that women not only felt fulfilled by their roles in Colonial America, but they even enjoyed them. They were not as impotent as they are made out to be. Without a higher understanding of the Puritan culture, misconceptions have been made about the treatment of women. Many women enjoyed their household tasks and cherished their time spent caring for children. Post 1960s feminism has painted these women as miserable, oppressed, and discriminated against. In her essay Leora Hall highlights a fact that many people may not know, â€Å"Women were also not required to submit to all men. A woman was only called to submit to the decisions made by her â€Å"own husband,†Ã¢â‚¬ (Understanding Puritan Womanhood in Feminist America). Submission was a common Puritan belief. The submission of a wife was apart of the divine will. The submission of a wife was to honor her husband’s role as the leader of the house, not to demean her or treat her as a slave. Puritan relationships were built on love, which most often stems from respect. There were no arranged marriages and couples courted before marriage. Courtship helped the couple test the relationship and see if it had the potential to last. Most puritan women respected and loved their husbands deeply, making it no problem for them to â€Å"submit† to them. Many say that Anne Bradstreet was among these women. Her poem â€Å"To My Dear and Loving Husband† shows the depth of her love and admiration for herShow MoreRelatedGender Roles In Colonial America1346 Words   |  6 Pagesbelieved to be equal to men however this was not always the case. During colonial times, women did not have the same roles as women do today; men and women had fixed roles in society. Roles between men and women do not exchange due to strict gender ro les. Additionally, married women were not exactly considered as companions instead, as the husband’s property. Although gender roles were a significant issue among women in early America, another issue was the background of these women. Factors such as raceRead MoreWas The Colonial Period A Golden Age? For Women?1010 Words   |  5 Pages Issue 1.3 Was the Colonial Period a â€Å"Golden Age† for Women in America? Amanda Tyler History 221 Dr. Coles September 30, 2014 Issue 1.3 Was the Colonial Period a â€Å"Golden Age† for Women in America? †¦ In the issue â€Å"Was the Colonial Period a â€Å"Golden Age† for Women in America?† the core difference of whether or not it was a golden age for women is seen in the variation of roles women had in the colonies compared to later generations and whether or not these differences led to themRead MoreReis, Elizabeth.Damned Women: Sinners And Witches In Puritan1363 Words   |  6 Pagesreading about the colonial Puritan s conception of sin and Satan, readers will expand their cultural and historical understanding of how people act on their religious belief...and how those religiously informed actions both reflect and prescribe their own particular gender arrangements, often to the detriment of women (10). In short, women were negatively affected by the Puritan belief system when it came to witchcraft because of the gendered ideals of the colonial era in America. Themes: One ofRead MoreWomen During The 19th Century1171 Words   |  5 PagesConstantly throughout history women have had different roles in society from men. Women were thought of as the caregivers and were expected to stay at home, while men were hunters and worked in the business world. The position of women in America as drastically changed, especially when noting the evolution of women in the 17th century to women in the 19th century. Women in colonial america were expected to stay at home, but this changed when the Republican Mother, a strong figure that became empoweredRead MoreWomen in Colonial America769 Words   |  4 PagesWomen in Colonial America When women first arrived to the new colonies, many did not have the money to pay in order to get off the boat. This forced them into 4-5 years of servitude. Women would then be free to search for a husband. In Colonial America, the social status of citizens was based on financial standings, ethnicity, and religious beliefs. Social class was a determining factor of opportunities available to women. They had considerably greater rights than their counterparts in England,Read MoreAnalysis Of Sharon Vs. Salinger s The, Taverns And Drinking On Early America 1262 Words   |  6 PagesSharon V. Salinger, Taverns and Drinking in Early America (Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002) Most aspects of colonial life in early America are well talked about: housing, food, daily routine, religion, etc. One of the more glossed over, yet interesting topics, is that of colonial drinking and the taverns in which it takes place. Why did colonial Americans enjoy drinking so much? In Sharon V. Salinger’s, Taverns and Drinking in Early America, she outlines how drinking traditions startedRead MoreColonial Latin Americ A Strong Gender Hierarchy1013 Words   |  5 PagesColonial Latin America had a strong gender hierarchy that was maintained through a mix of social and legal control. Spain enacted policies restricting the immigration of women to it colonies in the Americas. In order to mold colonial society in accordance to the ideals of the family society that existed in Spain waves of female emigration laws were passed in the 1530s and 1540s. The conditions created for women to emigrate from Spain created an uneven hierarchy where men held greater autonomy. One-lawRead MoreKate Haulman s Politics Of Fashion873 Words   |  4 PagesKate Haulman’s The Politics of Fashion in Eighteenth-Century America presents the multi-faceted role of fashion in late colonial and early American politics. She demonstrates how changes in fashion both reflected and helped create meaning and tension in regards to â€Å"gender relations, social order, and political authority† (3). The cumulative effect of her discussion of fashion is that the reader sees that eighteenth-century American life was far more contested and fluid than it might seem at firstRead MoreThe History Of Colonial Latin America1322 Words   |  6 PagesWhen the Spanish and the Portuguese established the colonies in the Americas, not only did they bring their material culture of technologies, clothes, cuisines, architecture, crops, and animals but they also brought their intellectual traditions such as that of honor. The history of colonial Latin America gives many questions related to the understanding of honor. The culture of honor during this period of time was pivotal as it provided a set of values that organized society and individual livesRead MoreA Little Commonwealth By John Demos1435 Words   |  6 Pageshas changed throughout history and has brought along gender and sexual norms. However, some parts of the family and these gender norms have been fairly constant as America has progressed and may even be seen today. These changes and similarities can be seen through the families during the colonial times, the 1800s, and the 1950s. In the reading â€Å"A Little Commonwealth†, John Demos writes about the life, norms, and misconceptions of early colonial families. He gets his information mainly through censuses

Subsidy Is A Sum Of Money Allocated By The Government

Introduction According to online Oxford Dictionary, subsidy is a sum of money allocated by the government or state with the intention to help industries to keep their commodity’s prices low [1]. On the other hand, subsidy rationalization is an initiative where the government would slowly and properly increases the prices of subsidized items such as fuel energy and food to save cost [2]. In Malaysia, items for example, natural gases and sugar have been subsidized by the government for over a few decades ago. Malaysian government volunteered to give subsidy is because they want to help Malaysian people to live an easier life. These subsidies could provide a better living for Malaysian people is because with the help of these subsidies, people in Malaysia pay lesser than they supposed to pay and therefore, enabling them to save a lot of money in long run. It is a good news for Malaysia’s citizens to hear about the implementation of subsidies but for Malaysian government, i t is the other way round. These subsidies which Malaysian government provides are considered as expenditures for Malaysia and it leaves a significant effect in Malaysia’s national budget. Besides, these subsidies also affect Malaysia’s fiscal deficit and increasing its national debt. In order to provide Malaysia a better future, an immediate and effective plan needs to be carried out such as rationalising the subsidies in Malaysia. Discussion 1.0 Purpose of rationalising subsidies in Malaysia WeShow MoreRelatedGdp And Total Expenditure On Purchasing A New Houses Essay904 Words   |  4 Pages1. GDP is the monetary value allocated to all goods and services produced within a given country. This excludes the net income accruing from abroad. GDP can be measured using the total expenditure approach for calculating National Income as a summation of total expenditure on commodities produced in a given economy. Any expenditure on purchasing a new houses is excluded. The final consumption of the government is also included together with all current expenditure. Their expenditure on fixed assetsRead MoreSubsidy1730 Words   |  7 PagesBackground. What this paper endeavours to illustrate is that government funding is sometimes necessary for the sustainable functioning of the economy and society from a holistic perspective. Firstly, let us define the term â€Å"subsidy†, and how this fits in an economic context. Oxford Dictionary defines â€Å"subsidy† as follows: â€Å"a sum of money granted by the state or a public body to help an industry or business keep the price of a commodity or service low† (OED Add. Ser. Vol. 3, 1997). SubsidisingRead MoreThe Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act1686 Words   |  7 Pagesproviding government subsidies to those who cannot afford health insurance on their own (up to 400% of the federal poverty level). The law entails many essential provisions, some of which include an Individual Mandate, Healthcare Exchanges, Medicaid Expansion, and coverage of essential health benefits. Parts of the law such as the Individual Mandate and the requirement that states expand e ligibility for Medicaid to include up to 133% of the federal poverty level or else risk losing federal subsidies, wereRead MoreThe Implementation Of Subsidies In A Specific Industry1792 Words   |  8 PagesThe implementation of subsidies in a specific industry cause major distortions in the market. The distortions are created because the subsidy creates a rent that is unable to be competed away. The rent that is generated is especially problematic when considering subsidies that are only available to current firms in the industry. The firms that join the industry after the subsidy is implemented are unable to compete with the lower price created by the subsidy. The benefit that the producer receivesRead MoreBusiness1651 Words   |  7 Pagesenterprise as a major customer.   (e) Customers. Customers have an interest in information about the continuance of an enterprise, especially when they have a long-term involvement with, or are dependent on, the enterprise.   (f) Governments and their agencies. Governments and their agencies are interested in the allocation of resources and, therefore, the activities of enterprises. They also require information in order to regulate the activities of enterprises, determine taxation policies and asRead MoreA Critical Year For The Affordable Care Act Essay1684 Words   |  7 Pagesanother article that that sums up the progress of the ACA as it hits year five, but does so as a devil’s advocate. Previous articles have discussed the strengths of the ACA and how there is still room for improvement, but in this piece Jost identifies the flaws in the complexity of the ACA, its provisions of expansion and its overall helpfulness in providing health needs. Jost states that the ACA is far too overcomplicated because of its numerous mandates and subsidies. Although I do agree that theRead MoreLearner Guide for a Level Economics4716 Words   |  19 Pages†¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ You need to look at the data provided and appreciate its context. In the example above, this was concerned with the prices of essential foodstuffs in Bangladesh and the implications of this for traders, consumers and the government. If the data is in the form of a table, a chart or a diagram, look for the important features and see if you can identify any patterns, relationships or trends as some of the questions are likely to be drawn from these. Look for the economic theoriesRead MoreAssess The Significance Of Three Factors Which Might Limit Economic Development In The Developing Countries2005 Words   |  9 Pagesand revenue fluctuations thus make it more difficult to plan investment and output. As a result, the revenues from exports of primary products will fluctuate in the same way as those for primary product producers, thus making it difficult for the government to plan economic development. Furthermore, protectionism by developing countries is another downside to primary product dependency which may inhibit economic development in developing countries. This is because many developed countries may useRead MoreAssess the Effect of Three Factors Which May Limit Economic Development in Developing Countries2008 Words   |  9 Pagesand revenue fluctuations thus make it more difficult to plan investment and output. As a result, the revenues from exports of primary products will fluctuate in the same way as those for primary product producers, thus making it difficult for the government to plan economic development. Furthermore, protectionism by developing countries is another downside to primary product dependency which may inhibit economic development in developing countries. This is because many developed countries may useRead MoreGovernment Intervention to Help the Working Poor: There is a Better Option than Raising Minimum Wage1775 Words   |  8 Pagesminimum wage kills jobs. Consider a small community clothing store with 50 customers a day for 360 days at $20 spent per customer. Total revenue per year for the business is $360,000. This seems like a lot of money. How could a small hike in minimum wage hurt when the company makes this much money? Well we still need to deduct the costs of doing business. This clothing store has 10 employees all earning minimum wage (for this example is $8 per hour) working 2000 hours a year. This makes labor costs

Business Strategy for Tesla Inc Company- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Strategy for Tesla Inc Company. Answer: Introduction Business strategy means the working plan of a firm put forward by an organization with the view of attaining its long-term goals and objectives. This assignment aims at carrying out an analysis of various concepts of strategic competitive advantage, capabilities and core competencies that are employed in Tesla, Inc Company. Every business is obliged to coming up with unique capabilities and competencies that will enable it to cope with competition from its opponents. The fundamental purpose of this report is to identify and describe different concepts related to core competencies, strategic capabilities, and competitive advantages. The report will involve correlation and evaluation of this concept as used in organizations. When a business formulates and implements good strategies, it enjoys success regarding good competitive positions, strong financial performance and future business growth(Sandberg, 2014). However, if the reverse happens, the business fails and is left with two opti ons, either to make attempts at changing the strategies and adopting new functional ones or merely quitting the business. Internal strategy analysis Internal strategy analysis is critical in laying out the pathway that will lead to the achievement of the business long-term goals. In strategic management, the internal capabilities are efficiently converted to competitive advantages of the company as well as core competencies. Internal skills, resources, and capabilities that are unique in every organization are some of the factors that lead to organizational growth. Another critical component of any business is resources which may be classified into physical, technological, intellectual, human, tangible or intangible. Proper utilization of resources brings about competitive strengths while the reverse brings about business weaknesses. The utilization of the company's resources determines its competitive position about its rivals. In addition to that, strategic capabilities are also used towards creating competitive advantages. Business performance requires the combination of strategic capabilities uniquely, the concept of core competencies which act as competitive advantages. Each company has its way of doing things which distinguishes it from its rivals. Core competencies are based on strategic capabilities and ate built up over time through commitment and experience. Core competencies and strategic capabilities are interlinked so that many strategic capabilities make a core competence. The combinations of a firms core competencies result into its strategic competitive advantage often known as its competitive position in the market. Overall, strategic competitive advantages must be valuable, rare, costly and non-substitutable so that they only uniquely belong to the firm to enable it outcome its rivals. Strategic competitive advantage and core competencies are primary indicators of effective use of resources about their rivals. Conclusively, the internal environment of an organization determines what it c an do. The concept of resources, core competencies, strategic capabilities and strategic competitive advantages show how well positioned a company is and its ability to make use of the opportunities and reducing threats to be in a position to improve profit margins. Case study, Tesla Inc. Company Tesla, Inc is a company located in the United States dealing with manufacturing, designing, development and the sale of electric vehicles and energy generation and storage systems. The company has a reputable brand known for its innovativeness(Chen, 2016). In spite of the competitive pressure from its rivals, its innovativeness has supported the global growth of its business. However, the company is recently experiencing limited global interactions, and it, therefore, must address this weakness and make efforts to maintain global competitiveness and growth. Tesla, Inc has various internal strategies that empower it to outcompete other companies and ensure profitability in the long run (Mosey, 2015). These factors are innovativeness, reputable brand image and proper control of the production process. This big and trusted brand enables it to attract new customers and retain the existing ones(Sia, 2015). The company exercises secure control of the production process by ensuring that it manufactures both the products and their components on their own to prevent loopholes created by the third party. It also has weaknesses that have to be addressed to maintain its competitive advantages and enable it to reach its long-term goals successfully. These weaknesses can be overcome trough reforms, initiatives, and strategies aimed at maintaining the supremacy of the brand and ensuring that the company remains the best and in a position to reach its long-term goals(Wieland, 2016). These weaknesses are high prices, limited market presence, and limited supply chain. The company sells most of its products in the USA and this limits business growth. The company is not rapidly increasing its market and thus growing slowly. The diagram below shows its strengths and weaknesses. Strengths Weakness Innovativeness Selling products as high prices Having a renown brand Limited supply chain Proper control of production process Lack of market diversification References Chen, Y. (2016). Business strategy and auditor reporting. Auditing. A Journal of Practice Theory, 6 (8), 34-50. Mosey, S. (2015). Entrepreneurial strategy. Building an Entrepreneurial Organisation , 3 (6), 76-90. Sandberg, J. (2014). Understanding human competence at work: an interpretative approach. Academy of management journal, 4 (9), 67-87. Sia, S. (2015). How DBS Bank Pursued a Digital Business Strategy. MIS Quarterly Executive, 7 (5), 54-87. Wieland, H. (2016). Business models as a service strategy. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 5 (7), 54-77.

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Comparison Of The PMBOK With PRINCE2 Methodology †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Comparison Of The PMBOK With PRINCE2 Methodology. Answer: Introduction: Project managementgenerally refers to the practice for the purpose of initiating, planning, execution, controlling and closing of the work done by the team. This is done so as to achieve a certain goal which meets all the specifications in a certain interval of time (pundak, 2014). Whereas the project methodology generally refers to the five differentproject management phases or the process which mainly includes the define, plan, launch, manage, and lastly the close. Each of the phases is associated with addressing the specific aspects of managing a project that is from the define phase to the close phase (Kerzner Kerzner, 2017). This report mainly discusses about main project methodologies, comparison of the PMBOK with PRINCE2 methodology and lastly how PRICE2 is related to the PLC or project life cycle. Project Methodology Project management methodologies generally refers to the guiding process for those who are involved in the project (Pinto, 2015). This methodologies are generally used by the project managers for the purpose of employing their design, planning, implement and achieve the objectives of the project. Project methodology can be divided into many categories some of them are listed below: Agile: Scrum Waterfall RAD (rapid applications development) NPI (New Product Introduction) PRINCE2 Kanban Six Sigma DMAIC Outcome Mapping Role played by project methodology in project management: Project methodology mainly helps in controlling of the projectmanagement in different ways and this includes effective decision making and solving of the problems. Project methodology is also essential for the success of a specific process, approaches, techniques, methods, and technologies (Burke, 2013). It can be stated that project methodology provides the skeleton for the describing all the steps involved in the project management. This in turn would help the project managers to achieve success by implementing proper amount of effort according to the schedule, budget and the specification of the client. Comparison of Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) with PRINCE2 methodology PMBOK or project management body of knowledge consists of users who find it this more significant framework for the management of contract, management of scope and other aspects that are possibly less robust than those of the PRINCE2 (Snyder, 2014). Despite of this there are many users of the PMBOK who are not happy about the way by which the system limits the process of decision making by the project managers (Matos Lopes, 2013). This initially makes it difficult for the handing over of the various aspects of the management to other parties and senior managers. By making use of the PMBOK it seems that the entire responsibility of the decision making, planning, problem solving, human resource and other process is given to the project managers PRINCE2 or Project in a Controlled environment is a project management program which is associated with much sharing of the functional and the financial authority with the senior management section not only with the project managers like that of PMBOK (Ghosh et al., 2012). This program is associated with focusing on giving aid to the project managers about overseeing the projects on behalf of the senior management section. A single standard approach is provided to management of the projects and due to this reason various Government as well as Global organizations choose this methodology. It is also very much easy to use providing the facility of learning in an easy way (Karaman Kurt, 2015). There are many users who thing that this methodology misses the importance of soft skills which should be one of the main focus of the project managers. PMBOK PRINCE2 Provides comprehensive information for all the aspects of project management This is associated with the practical project management methodology and is based on the 7 principles. It is driven by the requirements of the customers It is driven by the business case This is considered to be an knowledge based approach for project management This is an process based approach which defines the what, when, who and how through the 7 process of management Associated with describing the core practices and the wide range of techniques which can be applied for the purpose of managing a project This is associated with the 7 process of management which generally defines what is to be done, when and how it must be done and lastly by whom. There are two levels of certification and they are CAPM and PMP There are 3 levels of certification and they are namely foundation, practitioner and professional. Relation of PRINCE2 Methodology with Project Life Cycle PRICE2 is a project life cycle which is based upon the six major processes that is from beginning of a project to the completion of a project. The Planning and the Directing are the two continuous processes which is associated with supporting the other six processes. The starting of the PRINCE2 project life cycle dose not consist of the original needs, generation of solutions and feasibility studies. This means that they are considered as the inputs for the project life cycle or perhaps as a different projects (Lianying, Jing Xinxing, 2012). It is to be stated that PRINCE2 makes assumptions about the fact that the project is running within the context of the contract and no other activities are included within the context of the contract along with this it also does not include the activity within the method itself. Three main techniques are described by the PRICE2 and this includes the "Product Based Planning", "Quality Review" and "Change Control". Conclusion: The report helps in concluding to the fact that for the successfulness of the project there is an essential need of selecting the right project management methodology. For the purpose of selecting the right methodology there are number of factors which needs to be considered. There are strength and weakness of each methodology. All the methodologies are divide into mainly three parts and this includes the planning, implementation and analysis. References: Burke, R. (2013). Project management: planning and control techniques.New Jersey, USA. Ghosh, S., Forrest, D., DiNetta, T., Wolfe, B., Lambert, D. C. (2012). Enhance PMBOK by comparing it with P2M, ICB, PRINCE2, APM and Scrum project management standards.PM World Today,14(1), 1-77. Karaman, E., Kurt, M. (2015). Comparison of project management methodologies: prince 2 versus PMBOK for it projects.Int. Journal of Applied Sciences and Engineering Research,4(5), 657-664. Kerzner, H., Kerzner, H. R. (2017).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Lianying, Z., Jing, H., Xinxing, Z. (2012). The project management maturity model and application based on PRINCE2.Procedia Engineering,29, 3691-3697. Matos, S., Lopes, E. (2013). Prince2 or PMBOKa question of choice.Procedia Technology,9, 787-794. Pinto, J. K. (2015).Project management: achieving competitive advantage. Prentice Hall. Snyder, C. S. (2014). A guide to the project management body of knowledge: PMBOK () guide.Project Management Institute: Newtown Square, PA, USA. pundak, M. (2014). Mixed agile/traditional project management methodologyreality or illusion?.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,119, 939-948.

Thursday, April 16, 2020

Motor Vehicle Industry

Summary The motor vehicle industry mainly concerns itself with manufacturing and selling of motor vehicles and all the related parts to users. Motor vehicles have gradually continued to grow in their usefulness, influencing demand from the markets as users seek to gain from the additional features and technology that manufacturers introduce in their numerous designs and models.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Motor Vehicle Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More At present, motor vehicles come with many added features that seek to address different areas of concern, including safety, security, and efficiency. The trend, however, has been reduced costs for acquisition of such improved vehicles as the industry targets to improve profits while maintaining lean costs. However, the industry experiences numerous challenges that threaten to derail the gains that have been achieved over the years. Motor vehicles m ainly depend on oil for their running, which is a challenge for the industry because global crude oil prices have been increasing almost on a daily basis (TheCapitol.Net 183). This makes it expensive to own and run a vehicle. The global financial crisis has further reduced the demand levels as more potential buyers and users have been electing to invest their money on other assets rather than buying vehicles. Changing customer tastes and preferences have equally been putting manufacturers on continuous strategy development and improvisation as efforts are pursued to beat competition and maintain profit levels. This case write-up seeks to illustrate some solutions that manufacturers have adopted in addressing the problems that afflict the industry. Firstly, the paper will explore on the changes in manufacturing strategy currently being witnessed, which includes the shift towards the developing economies in as far as locating manufacturing plants is located. Secondly, the paper will e xplore on the new changes in production systems that mainly aim at achieving efficiency and eliminating over dependence on oil. Lastly, the paper provides recommendations that vehicle manufacturer can adopt as a perfect way of tackling the challenges that they encounter in their activities. Strategic Analysis SWOT Analysis of the Industry Strengths The industry boasts of an expansive product line. Different manufacturers are dealing in varied brands, which enable the companies to spread their risks. Thus, poor performance affecting a particular brand may not necessarily affect an entire company (U.S. International Trade Commission xxxi).Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More With increased competition among the various manufactures, the industry has generally developed manufacturing competence to sustain the competition. This has increased the quality of the manufactured vehi cles and, thus, acted as a surety to the buyers that the products they buy are worth the value of their money. To further sustain the intense competition, players have improved on their research and development skills, as well as leadership. This has seen quality products being released to the market, and which match the expectations and needs of the customers accurately. The motor vehicle industry enjoys reputable brand names that have been in existence for many years. Such brand names are interpreted to mean high skills, long-term expertise, and reliable experience, which cannot be affected easily by changing market trends and patterns. Thus, more customers continue to have trust in the companies (U.S. International Trade Commission xxxii). Weaknesses Fast changing customer tastes have effectively made products to be obsolete and have narrow product lines. This makes it costly for the companies as they continuously engage in strategy formulation to achieve a perfect match between the products they manufacture and the market expectations. Costs of manufacturing have been increasing with expanded production owing to the rising cost of the raw materials. The industry relies on different raw materials for the production of motor vehicles, including aluminum, glass, and rubber. The prices of these materials have been increasing over time, thus equally increasing the cost of production for the industries that rely on such materials, like the motor vehicle manufacturing industry. Customer goodwill has been declining for industry players who fail to maintain positive performance. GM and Chrysler, for instance, are likely to have lost some level of customer goodwill in the wake of their bankruptcies following the biting global financial crisis. This has also contributed to their struggling performance even after the economy is on its recovery path. With the industry pursuing portfolio management as a strategy of keeping pace with the market and competition pressures, there is the danger of poor performance as a result of bad portfolio management. Companies are focusing on pursuing too many portfolios, which in turn posses the danger of losing focus and encountering losses.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Motor Vehicle Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Opportunities Motor vehicle manufacturers have the potential of expanding their core businesses to include other areas, such as motorcycle or ship engine manufacturing. This could help in increasing demand especially at a time when their core business demands are low. The industry has the potential of widening the product range as research and development activities lead to new products. This helps in spreading risk over a wider selection of products. Industry players have the potential of vertically integrating forward and backward, thus eliminating challenges and limitations of relying on suppliers and distribut ors. This increases efficiency and also lowers chances of experiencing unwarranted delays. The trend in the industry has been that of making acquisitions, particularly with the best performing companies buying out those facing difficulties. This helps the companies in achieving additional markets and thus increasing their chances of making huge profits. Threats There is growing competition, especially within the domestic market, as foreign manufacturers establish their operations in different countries. The foreign market is also experiencing high competition as manufacturers from different countries target the international market for their operations. Consumer tastes are gradually changing over very short periods. This is forcing manufacturers to endlessly engage in strategy planning and development, which is costly and time consuming. It also leads to losses due to delayed sales that occur as a result of the market not wishing to acquire vehicles they consider outdated. Barriers to market entry are also being lessened throughout the world as most countries enter into international market treaties. This forces them to lessen the entry protection mechanisms, thus providing foreign companies with an opportunity to exploit the markets. Changes in economic factors are affecting the industry’s demand, with the global recessions lowering market demands for motor vehicles. Such recessionary patterns push manufacturers into debts and also limit their production capacities. Nature of Problems Changing customer tastes Buyers of motor vehicles often base their purchase decisions on various aspects, which make up their tastes. These purchase decisions are not permanent and keep on changing with time (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 65). Because manufacturers have to make quick sales in order to achieve their desired profits, it is important that they study the market trends carefully and design vehicles that will accurately reflect on the customer demands and wis hes. This entails a lot of activity, including conducting market research and designing strategies to enable their products attract higher demands.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, with the short-lived customer tastes, it becomes difficult for the manufacturers to fully address them. Once the companies clear their research and design the vehicles to specifications, they realize the tastes have shifted. In essence, this causes their vehicles to stay for long as finished stock in the warehouses and on the floor shops without being purchased. In other instances, the prices are forced to be lowered in order to raise demand for such products. American motor vehicles manufacturers, mainly GM, Chrysler, and Ford, concentrated on the manufacture of sports utility vehicles, SUV, and light trucks because the local market preferred this type of vehicles. With the growth for these companies mainly relying on the sale of SUVs and light trucks, the market changed its taste and preferences as most buyers opted for the small passenger vehicles that were mainly manufactured by foreign companies. This decision was mainly informed by the fact that the SUVs consume a lot of fuel, which is not economically viable at a time when oil prices are increasing at alarming rates. This change of market preferences and consumer tastes has in particular been responsible for the slow recovery of the American leading manufacturers, especially GM and Chrysler (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 65). Global economic patterns Global economic patterns are highly fluctuating and are very difficult to be predicted accurately. This subjects the car manufacturing companies to highly risky business environment because any abrupt changes could affect their production and profit levels. Economic recessions, in particular, have negative effects to the operations of car manufacturers as they diminish the buying capability of users, thereby reducing on the market demand levels. As the overall market demand declines, companies are also forced to cut down on their production capacities in order to control the likelihood of running at losses. This involves cutting down jobs, closin g down on a number of manufacturing units, and borrowing funds from governments to assist in mitigating the crisis. With production having been at normal prior to the onset of such recessionary patterns, it means the finished vehicles already released to distributors and showrooms will take longer before being purchased. The longer these products remain at the shops the more the costs also increase. Eventually, this pushes the manufacturers into losses and makes it difficult for them to recover even after the recessionary periods recede and markets demands increase to normal. Rising cost of oil Global prices have a huge bearing on the purchase decisions that customers make in as far as their acquisition of motor vehicles is concerned. Thus, the ever rising global prices for the commodity has posed a challenge to the motor vehicle industry, especially given that many vehicle engines rely on oil to run. As a remedy to the challenge, industry players have constantly been engaging in re search to find alternative energy sources that can be able to power their vehicles. Such research findings have determined other viable alternatives, including the manufacture of hybrid vehicles that are set to lower the overdependence on oil as the main energy source. However, these researches are expensive for the car manufacturers as they require a lot of time and expertise. Equally challenging is the fact that vehicles running on a fuel cell require hydrogen that combines with oxygen in order to run. However, there are very few hydrogen stations, which make the alternative less viable. Liquid hydrogen can only be stored in very low temperatures, thus making this option further less attractive for the industry. A different alternative has been developed in which lithium ion batteries that are rechargeable are used to power vehicles. This alternative, too, faces its own drawbacks as the batteries can hardly retain their charge for significant durations. With these ventures being c omparatively expensive, these types of vehicles are expensive to acquire and would still discourage the buyers from purchasing them. Rising competition The motor vehicle industry and market has been experiencing increased competition from the varied players as the scramble for purchasers continue. In particular, most countries have reduced the entry barriers that previously locked out foreign companies from competing with their local manufacturers. In essence, more foreign companies have gained access to other national markets, including establishing manufacturing in such markets to maintain their production costs at minimum levels. Japan’s Toyota motor manufacturing company, for instance, has gained a foothold of the American domestic market following the company’s entry into the market. This has seen the company establish several manufacturing units within the USA to make their operations easier. The market share for the American companies, GM, Ford, and Chrysler, ha s particularly waned with the introduction of mainly Japanese and European manufacturing plants. Subsequently, the foreign manufacturers now enjoy a bigger market USA auto mobile market share, thus piling more challenges to the home companies. Control Systems Extending activities into the developing world Vehicle manufacturers have particularly embraced the idea of extending their operations into the developing world to address some of the challenges that continue to afflict the industry. The main reasoning behind such a move is to target the huge market in such countries, including China, India, Brazil, and Russia, which have high populations. The developing world, despite the fact that it also registered a decline in demand levels for motor vehicles during the global financial crisis, was not as worse of as the developed markets. Thus, the slight drop in demand levels has given hope to the manufacturers from the developed world that the markets can offer substantial ground for gro wth. In addition, the cost of operation in the developing world is also comparatively low. The huge population makes it easy to acquire labor at very cheap rates. This translates to high efficiency for the companies as they are able to save significant costs and thus improve on their profitability. Integrating advanced technology in manufacturing The industry is adopting the use of advanced technology in order to address the problem of overreliance on oil for running vehicle engines. The new technologies have seen the introduction and release of hybrid type of vehicles that use alternative sources of energy. The vehicles use batteries and hydrogen as an alternative to oil and can be recharged as the vehicles run on oil. New technologies have also seen companies achieve fast and reliable production capacities that do not delay the production cycle. This is significant for the companies because the finished vehicles take only few days between the start of manufacturing and the market release date. The technological advancements also aid the production of different product models using the same production plants and materials. Restructuring supply functions Most industry players are restructuring their supply departments to achieve high efficiency. Such restructure programs include spurning off the supply department such that it operates independently. This program achieves efficiency because the restructured supply organization cleanly understands the internal operations and production patterns of the main company. Production by order Motor vehicle manufacturers are attempting to tie their production to specific orders by the market rather that mass production of their products. This seeks to gain the automatic market demands while eliminating cases where vehicle products stay for long at the distributor and shop locations without being purchased. External Industry Environment Porter’s Five Forces Analysis Buyers’ bargaining power Buyers have a mod erate bargaining power. This is because the global population, which forms the industry’s market, is huge and provides a wider alternative for the manufacturers. There are also varied manufacturers who target the same global market with their varied products (Grant 112). Suppliers’ bargaining power The supplier bargaining power in the motor vehicle industry is also moderate. Most of the manufacturing companies are huge and have capacity to achieve forward integration. However, suppliers of other important material parts still enjoy some level of monopoly over the manufacturers. Barriers to market entry The level of market entry barriers is high. The motor vehicle industry relies on high capital amounts to set up operations. Equally, the market has more trust on brand names and customer loyalty, which a new company may find difficult to acquire and build over a short term. Rivalry and competition There level of rivalry and competition is intense. Different manufacturers are competing with each other in order to acquire significant market shares. This has seen manufacturers establish operation units in different regions of the world in order to achieve low production costs and market customization. Threat of substitute products The threat of substitute products in the industry is high. Many manufacturers are increasingly relying on market tastes and preferences to manufacture their products. Thus, different products from varying manufacturers resemble each other and could easily be picked by customers as a perfect substitute for their brands (Grant 115). Solutions and Recommendations The industry needs to spend more in the area of research and development. Although companies are sending more in this area, additional spending should be encouraged as a way of creating competitive advantages over competitors. As competition increases, companies can only develop their competitive edge by undertaking continuous research and development activities in ord er to keep up to date with the market expectations and preferences. Equally, technology is constantly changing and without maintaining pace with it, the companies may not be able to achieve the advantage of efficiency and high quality that comes with it. Having an elaborate research and development strategy will enable manufacturing companies to work on alternatives that may address effectively the challenges of over relying on oil fuel as the main source of power for motor vehicles. It will also come in handy in addressing the challenge of changing market preferences by exploring on other viable alternatives, such as pursuing special manufacture by market order. Production in some countries is too expensive and is not viable at all. Manufacturers, therefore, need to consider the cheap production countries in the world and relocate their production there to maintain minimal production costs. Production of motor vehicles in the USA, for example, is not viable because of the added cos ts that are involved. Companies need to pay high costs in maintaining their pension workers, which eventually increases the cost of production. Companies, such as the GM, Chrysler, or Ford, may consider transferring their labor intensive processes to such developing countries as China or India, which have considerably low labor rates. Other processes that require a lot of mechanization, such as vehicle assembly can remain in the USA owing to the country’s extensive industrialization. This will reduce the production costs significantly for the companies, and enable them sell their finished products at highly competitive prices. Companies should consider expanding their product portfolios in order to spread their risks and thus cushion themselves from such threats as bankruptcy. Even though the core business for a vehicle manufacturer involves designing and producing vehicles, relying too much on this one business can prove to be dangerous. Apart from introducing several motor vehicle brands under one manufacturer, players can consider exploring the manufacture of other closely related products, like motorcycles, power generators, or mechanized sawing machines. The market demand for such products is independent of each other and thus a manufacturer can be assured of a different market in case one product type struggles with poor market demands. The variety of products should be different but employ similar technology in order to make it easy for the company to enhance its performance in the other product areas. Works Cited Grant, Robert. Contemporary Strategy Analysis: Text Only. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley, 2010. Print. TheCapitol.Net, Inc. Recession, Depression, Insolvency, Bankruptcy, and Federal Bailouts. Alexandria, VA: TheCapitol.Net, 2009. Print. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Career Guide to Industries, 2006-07. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Labour, 2006. Print. U.S. International Trade Commission. Foundry Products: Competitive Conditions in the U.S. Market, Inv. 332-460. Washington, D.C.: U.S. International Trade Commission, 2005. Print. This case study on Motor Vehicle Industry was written and submitted by user Marley Beach to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sunday, April 12, 2020

Sample History Argument Essay - Write the Essay From Scratch

Sample History Argument Essay - Write the Essay From ScratchSo, you have decided to write a sample history argument essay. You have done a little research, have got a few sample cases that can be used, and have given yourself some time to write the essay. Now you need to take it one step further and make your own history argument essay.I cannot stress this enough, you must write the essay completely from scratch with your own research material. Remember, this is an argument essay, not a collection of data and facts. You are not going to use this article as an encyclopedia, but rather as an essay. The fact is, if your essay is sloppy or makes no sense, no one will remember you for your example case.Do not forget to use your own experience in your writing, as your knowledge about the specific case can be more valuable than what your personal opinion may be. To make sure you don't overuse your own experience, make sure you don't use any paraphrased information, as you need to explain it properly.Try and avoid using any 'e-mails' that you find in case histories, and make sure that you have your own research material available to you. If you use e-mails as a source, it will take away from your case and will actually harm your writing.One of the best ways to ensure that your essay is solid and persuasive is to make use of the information that you have gathered from your research. Try and make it very clear why your opinion is the right one, and why you are the person that should be given credit for your opinion.Finally, always try and break your essay down into smaller parts, so that when you review it you can analyze the argument in more detail. This will help you to take the essay a step further and make sure you have a full understanding of your own argument before you turn it in.Remember, writing a history argument essay is not a big deal, so long as you do it right. It will not only be well received by your peers, but also to impress potential employers that wil l be reading it.

Friday, March 13, 2020

Edwards Surname Meaning, Origin and Family History

Edwards Surname Meaning, Origin and Family History Edwards is a patronymic surname meaning son of Edward. It derives from the early medieval English given name, Edward, meaning prosperous guardian, from the Old English Eadward, composed of the elements ead, meaning prosperity or fortune, and w(e)ard, meaning guard. Edwards is the 53rd most popular surname in the United States and the 17th most common surname in England. Surname Origin:  EnglishAlternate Surname Spellings:  EDWARDES, EDWARDSON, EDWARD, EDWART Famous People With the EDWARDS Surname Jonathan Edwards: Protestant  Theologian, Philosopher, Journalist, Educator, ScholarGareth Edwards: Welsh rugby playerBlake Edwards:  American film director, producer and screenwriterTeresa Edwards: American basketball player; Olympic medalistRobert Alan Bob Edwards:  American author, radio journalist and host  Clement Edwards:  Welsh lawyer, journalist, trade union activist and Liberal politicianPierpont Edwards: American lawyer, judge and delegate to the American Continental Congress Where Is the EDWARDS Surname Most Commonly Found? According to surname distribution data from Forebears, Edwards is the 800th most common surname in the world. It is especially prevalent in the United States, where it ranks 51st, as well as England (21st), Australia (26th), Wales (14th), Trinidad and Tobago (18th), Jamaica (14th) and New Zealand (23rd). Within England it is most common in Shropshire, where it is the 5th most frequent surname. It is also the 7th most common surname in both Flintshire and Denbighshire, Wales. Ellis is found most frequently in Wales, according to WorldNames PublicProfiler, followed by Australia, New Zealand and the United States. Genealogy Resources for the Surname EDWARDS Edwards Family Genealogy Forum: Search this popular genealogy forum for the Edwards surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Edwards query.FamilySearch - EDWARDS  Genealogy: Explore over 7.6  million  historical records which mention individuals with the Edwards surname, as well as online Edwards family trees on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.GeneaNet - Edwards  Records: GeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Edwards  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. Resources and Further Reading Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998.Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003.Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997.Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.